Endotoxin in inner-city homes: Associations with wheeze and eczema in early childhood

Perzanowski, Matthew S.; Miller, Rachel L.; Thorne, Peter S.; Barr, R. Graham; Divjan, Adnan; Sheares, Beverley J.; Garfinkel, Robin; Perera, Frederica P.; Goldstein, Inge F.; Chew, Ginger L.

doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2005.12.1348

Cited by 143 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In a cohort of 1,884 German newborns, a two-fold increased risk of wheezing during the first 6 months of life was found in children exposed to high endotoxin concentrations (OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.40-4.03) [78]. Such associations have been confirmed in other longitudinal studies [79,80,84], as well as in case-control or crosssectional studies [81][82][83]. Moreover, exposure to endotoxins has been linked to asthma severity and morbidity [86,87].…”

Section: Endotoxinssupporting

confidence: 59%

“…Findings from epidemiological studies are less consistent [74]. Whereas some reports suggest a protective effect of endotoxins on the development of allergies [57,[75][76][77], others found that the exposure to endotoxins constitutes a risk factor for respiratory symptoms [78][79][80][81][82][83][84], which might depend on the amount of exposure [85].…”

Section: Endotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first studies that evaluated the respiratory effects of endotoxin exposure in an urban environment observed positive associations with asthma and wheezing [78][79][80][81][82][83][84]. In a cohort of 1,884 German newborns, a two-fold increased risk of wheezing during the first 6 months of life was found in children exposed to high endotoxin concentrations (OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.40-4.03) [78].…”

Section: Endotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Respiratory health and indoor air pollutants based on quantitative exposure assessments

et al. 2012

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We reviewed the main epidemiological studies that evaluate the respiratory effects of indoor air pollutants quantitatively in industrialised countries. Consistent results support short-term (aggravation) and, although more rarely, long-term (prevalence augmentation) effects on asthma, chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in indoor settings with poor air quality. Environmental tobacco smoke is one of the most important risks for respiratory symptoms and diseases worldwide. The evidence is also reliable for indoor nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter, which have been associated with asthma, bronchitis and COPD. Whereas formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds seem to be the main pollutants in indoor settings, relevant papers on their respiratory effects are still scarce, and limited to asthma and bronchitis. Moulds have been associated with an increased risk of asthma and COPD. Contradictory results have been found between endotoxins and asthma. The role of phthalates, persistent organic pollutants and flame retardants in respiratory diseases remains to be established. Results from rural areas of industrialised countries indicate that exposure to some indoor bio-contaminants might be protective in early life, while it is associated with adverse respiratory adverse effects in adulthood. Studies focusing on indoor air pollutants should be developed to better understand their involvement in the inception and aggravation of respiratory diseases.

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Section: Endotoxinssupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Endotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Endotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Respiratory health and indoor air pollutants based on quantitative exposure assessments

et al. 2012

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“…Although endotoxin exposure might be related to rural exposure to pets and other farm animals, Litonjua et al 14 found that in Boston the effects of pet and endotoxin exposure were separate and contrary. Similarly, although endotoxin levels in this NYC cohort were related to wheeze and rhinitis, 21 they neither were related to pet ownership nor affected the associations between pet ownership and wheeze/rhinitis in logistic regression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…[18][19][20][21] Exclusion criteria included a diagnosis of diabetes or HIV infection, reported illicit drug use, and residency in NYC for less than 1 year before pregnancy. Between the years 1998 and 2006, 2844 mothers were screened during pregnancy, and 725 were fully enrolled, which was defined as participation in prenatal assessments and cord blood collection at birth.…”

Section: Study Cohortmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cat ownership is a risk factor for the development of anti-cat IgE but not current wheeze at age 5 years in an inner-city cohort

Perzanowski¹,

Chew²,

Divjan³

et al. 2008

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

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Endotoxin inhalation alters lung development in neonatal mice

Kulhánková

George²,

Kline

et al. 2012

American J Industrial Med

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Background Childhood asthma is a significant public health problem. Epidemiologic evidence suggests an association between childhood asthma exacerbations and early life exposure to environmental endotoxin. Although the pathogenesis of endotoxin-induced adult asthma is well studied, questions remain about the impact of environmental endotoxin on pulmonary responsiveness in early life. Methods We developed a murine model of neonatal/juvenile endotoxin exposures approximating those in young children and evaluated the lungs inflammatory and remodeling responses. Results Persistent lung inflammation induced by the inhalation of endotoxin in early life was demonstrated by the influx of inflammatory cells and pro-inflammatory mediators to the airways and resulted in abnormal alveolarization. Conclusions Results of this study advance the understanding of the impact early life endotoxin inhalation has on the lower airways, and demonstrates the importance of an experimental design that approximates environmental exposures as they occur in young children.

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Endotoxin in inner-city homes: Associations with wheeze and eczema in early childhood

Abstract: Background-An inverse association between domestic exposure to endotoxin and atopy in childhood has been observed. The relevance of this aspect of the "hygiene hypothesis" to U.S. innercity communities that have disproportionately high asthma prevalence has not been determined.

Cited by 143 publications

References 38 publications

Respiratory health and indoor air pollutants based on quantitative exposure assessments

Respiratory health and indoor air pollutants based on quantitative exposure assessments

Cat ownership is a risk factor for the development of anti-cat IgE but not current wheeze at age 5 years in an inner-city cohort

Endotoxin inhalation alters lung development in neonatal mice

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