Endothelin: presence in human umbilical vessels, high levels in fetal blood and potent constrictor effect

Hægerstrand, Anders; Hemsén, Anette; Gillis, C.; Larsson, Olivia; Lundberg, Jan M.

doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1989.tb08791.x

Cited by 83 publications

(41 citation statements)

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“…Our data are consistent with those previously reported (14,15). However, fetal plasma irET-1 concentrations in the present study were somewhat lower (l4), but much greater (15), than those reported by others.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…It has been shown that human umbilical vessels constrict in response to exogenous ET-1 in a dose-dependent manner with a threshold concentration of 100 pM in vitro, which suggests the possible contribution of ET-1 to the closure of human umbilical vessels at delivery (14). Plasma irET-1 concentrations in the fetal circulation as measured by RIA in the present study and others (14,15) were estimated to be about 10 times less than those used to induce such pharmacologic effects. However, the local concentration of ET-1 should be much higher at the interface of the vascular endothelium and smooth muscle than that in the bloodstream.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Raised plasma concentrations of ET-1 have been observed in certain pathophysiologic conditions, such as uremia (8), acute renal failure (9), acute myocardial infarction (lo), cardiogenic shock (1 I), major surgery (12), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (13). Furthermore, high levels of circulating ET-1 in fetal blood have recently been reported and the possible physiologic role(s) of ET-1 at delivery has been investigated (14,15). However, it remains unknown whether ET-1 levels in the umbilical cord plasma may change under physiologic and pathophysiologic states during delivery.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Plasma Immunoreactive Endothelin-1 Concentration in Human Fetal Blood: Its Relation to Asphyxia

et al. 1991

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ABSTRACT. To elucidate the effects of birth stress on immunoreactive endothelin-1 (irET-1) concentrations in fetal blood, we determined irET-1 levels in cord plasma in different modes of delivery associated with or without complications such as asphyxia. The irET-1 concentrations in both the umbilical artery and vein were significantly higher than those found in maternal venous blood at delivery, although there was no significant difference between preterm and full-term infants. When plasma irET-1 concentrations of healthy infants born by vaginal delivery and by cesarean section without labor were compared, the former had significantly ( p < 0.05) higher levels than the latter (15.4 f 4.9 pg/mL versus 11.1 f 3.1 pg/mL). Furthermore, umbilical venous plasma obtained from vaginally delivered infants complicated by asphyxia showed significantly ( p < 0.001) higher irET-1 levels (28.2 f 9.4 pg/ mL) than those of nonasphyxiated infants (14.2 f 4.5 pg/ mL). These data suggest that birth stress, especially asphyxia, may contribute to the increase in fetal circulating irET-1 levels. (Pediatr Res 30: 244-247, 1991) Abbreviations CPK, creatine phosphokinase ET-1, endothelin-1 GOT, aspartate aminotransferase irET-1, immunoreactive ET-1 LDH, lactic acid dehydrogenase TFA, trifluoroacetic acid Endothelin-1 is a potent vasoconstrictor peptide with 2 1 amino acid residues, originally isolated and sequenced from the supernatant of cultured porcine aortic endothelial cells, and the first member of the mammalian endothelin family (1-4). Since ET-1 produces very potent vasoconstriction and an extremely longlasting pressor response, ET-1 may play an important role in the control of blood pressure and/or local blood flow (1, 3, 4). Recently, low concentrations of ET-1 have been detected in plasma from healthy subjects (5-7). Raised plasma concentrations of ET-1 have been observed in certain pathophysiologic conditions, such as uremia (8), acute renal failure (9), acute

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasma Immunoreactive Endothelin-1 Concentration in Human Fetal Blood: Its Relation to Asphyxia

et al. 1991

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“…However, in some vascular tissues, contractile ETB receptors localized in smooth muscle cells have been described (Moreland et al, 1992;Sumner et al, 1992). has been reported to be secreted by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (Haegerstrand et al, 1989;Hems6n et al, 1991) as well as by vascular smooth muscle cells (Yu & Davenport, 1995). It has been suggested that ET-1 may be involved in the regulation of vascular tone in the foetomaternal region during pregnancy since it has been found to increase to high levels in plasma during delivery (Nisell et al, 1990).…”

Section: Introduction Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of endothelin receptors in the human umbilical artery and vein

Bogoni

Rizzi

Calò

et al. 1996

British J Pharmacology

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1The aim of the present study was to characterize pharmacologically endothelin receptors that are present in human umbilical vessels. 2 Endothelin-1 (ET-1) and endothelin-2 (ET-2) are potent stimulants of both the human umbilical artery (pEC5o 7.9 and 7.5) and vein (pEC50 8.1 and 8.0). Endothelin-3 (ET-3) is inactive on the artery but contracts the vein (pEC50 7.6). IRL1620 is inactive in both vessels. The order of potency of agonists is suggestive of a typical ETA receptor in the artery (ET-1 = ET-2 > > ET-3) and a mixture of ETA and ETB receptors in the vein (ET-1 = ET-2> ET-3). 3 The selective ETA receptor antagonist, BQ123, competitively inhibits the effect of ET-1 in the human umbilical artery (pA2 6.9), while in the vein, only a mixture of BQ123 and BQ788 (a selective ETB antagonist) weakly displaces to the right the cumulative concentration-response curve to ET-1. Contractions induced by ET-3 in the vein are inhibited by BQ788 (pA2 7.6), but not by BQ123.4 Inhibition of Ca21 channels by nifedipine (0.1 ,uM) is accompanied by a significant decrease of the maximal response to ET-1 by 40% in the artery and by 30% in the vein. The response of the vein to ET-3 is almost abolished by nifedipine. 5 The results indicate that: (i) endothelins contract the human isolated umbilical artery via stimulation of an ETA receptor type; (ii) the contraction induced by ET-1 in the vein is mediated by both ETA and ETB receptors, while ET-3 stimulates the ETB receptor; (iii) the contribution of Ca21 channels to the contraction mediated by the ETB receptor appears to be more important than to that mediated by the ETA receptor.

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“…Endothelin is a powerful constrictor of the fetoplacental resistance vasculature (MacLean, Templeton & McGrath, 1992) and raised fetal serum endothelin-1 (ET-1) concentrations have been reported at delivery in pregnancies associated with fetal hypoxia (Ohno, Mizutani, Kurauchi, Nishida, Arii & Tomoda, 1995). ETA and ETB have been identified in the human placental vasculature (Rutherford, Whorton, McCarthy, Gordon, Sullivan, Elder & Polak, 1993), endothelin is present in umbilical vessels (Haegerstrand, Hemsen, Gillis, Larsson & Lundberg, 1989) and ET-1 occurs at higher concentrations in fetal than in maternal blood (Hakkinen, (Maiggard, Forman & Andersson, 1986b) and has no effect in smaller branches of stem villous arteries (McCarthy, Woolfson, Evans, Davis, Raju & Poston, 1994). There is an intact renin-angiotensin system in the placenta.…”

Section: Clinical and Experimental Evaluation Of Placental Blood Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

The control of blood flow to the placenta

Poston¹

1997

Experimental Physiology

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SUMMARYThe maintenance of adequate blood flow to the placenta is essential for the successful outcome of pregnancy. The placental vascular bed is often regarded as a low-resistance circulation in which blood flow is determined by the fetal cardiac output, but in pregnancies associated with growth retardation, and for reasons unknown, vascular resistance increases and blood flow is compromised. This review concentrates on recent advances in our understanding of the factors that may influence fetoplacental blood flow, with particular emphasis upon the circulation of the human placenta. The placenta has no neuronal input and vascular resistance is entirely determined by humoral and structural factors. In the absence of catecholamine sensitivity, constrictor prostanoids and endothelin may be important constrictor agonists, whereas nitric oxide is now considered to contribute to tonic reduction in vascular resistance. Little is known of the relative contributions of these vasoactive agents in the elevation of fetoplacental vascular resistance, but recent evidence points to an important role for altered vascular structure in growth-retarded pregnancies.

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Endothelin: presence in human umbilical vessels, high levels in fetal blood and potent constrictor effect

Cited by 83 publications

References 4 publications

Plasma Immunoreactive Endothelin-1 Concentration in Human Fetal Blood: Its Relation to Asphyxia

Plasma Immunoreactive Endothelin-1 Concentration in Human Fetal Blood: Its Relation to Asphyxia

Characterization of endothelin receptors in the human umbilical artery and vein

The control of blood flow to the placenta

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