Endothelin and Its Suspected Role in the Pathogenesis and Possible Treatment of Glaucoma

Shoshani, Yochai Z.; Harris, Alon; Shoja, Mohammadali Mohajel; Rusia, Deepam; Siesky, Brent; Arieli, Yoel; Wirostko, Barbara

doi:10.3109/02713683.2011.622849

Cited by 54 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…68 Meta-analysis has also revealed an association between high concentrations of ET-1 and the presence of glaucoma. 69 Postural change-induced alterations in serum ET-1 are also greater in patients with NTG than in normal subjects, 67 and patients with glaucoma undergo an abnormal increase in plasma ET-1 after the body cools. 70 It is thus possible that at least in some patients, increased levels of ET-1 in response to vasospastic stimuli may be involved in the pathogenesis of glaucomatous damage.…”

Section: Endothelinmentioning

confidence: 97%

Ocular Blood Flow and Influencing Factors for Glaucoma

Nakazawa

2016

Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology

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Open-angle glaucoma (OAG) is characterized by optic nerve fiber atrophy and deterioration of the visual field, corresponding to damage to the optic nerve head. Intraocular pressure (IOP) is currently the only evidence-based, treatable risk factor for OAG. However, normal-tension glaucoma, the most common type of OAG in Asia, is a type of glaucoma with an unclear pathogenesis. Glaucoma is suspected to be a multifactorial disease with IOP-dependent and IOP-independent risk factors, including decreased ocular blood flow (OBF), oxidative stress, decreased axoplasmic flow, and genetic background. A number of epidemiological studies have generated strong evidence that OBF may be an especially important risk factor for the progression of glaucoma. Recent innovations in laser speckle flowgraphy and optical coherence tomography-based angiography have allowed us to noninvasively monitor changes in the microcirculation of the optic nerve head with high reproducibility. Laser speckle flowgraphy-derived measurement parameters include mean blur rate and pulse wave form parameters, whereas the main optical coherence tomography angiography-derived parameter is the vessel index. Decreases in these parameters are associated with the severity of glaucomatous damage, and changes are detectible even in the earliest, preperimetric stage of glaucoma. In the future, OBF analysis may improve significantly because of continuing progress in the development of the relevant instruments. This review will summarize possible connections between systemic and OBF abnormalities and OAG, describe the scientific rationale for these connections, and discuss their potential implications. Thus, this review will summarize the role of OBF in glaucoma pathogenesis and discuss the wide range of IOP-independent risk factors.

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Section: Endothelinmentioning

confidence: 97%

Ocular Blood Flow and Influencing Factors for Glaucoma

Nakazawa

2016

Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology

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“…[75][76][77] A few of the promising medical treatment approaches currently being studied that may have potential translational use in veterinary medicine are introduced. These include nitric oxide donors, Rho kinase inhibitors, and a brief survey of novel drug-delivery strategies.…”

Section: Emerging Treatments For Glaucomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical Treatment of Primary Canine Glaucoma

Alario¹,

Strong

Pizzirani

2015

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice

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“…Further studies are needed to explain the exact mechanism of this temporary 39 Less is known about the extravascular ET concentration. It is increased, for example, in the aqueous humor of glaucoma patients 40 and is present in epiretinal membranes. 41 Even less is known about the time course of ET concentrations in tissues such as retina.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refractoriness to the Effect of Endothelin-1 in Porcine Ciliary Arteries

Konieczka

Flammer

Neutzner

et al. 2013

Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics

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PURPOSE: Endothelin-1 (ET) is an important molecule in vascular physiology. After an acute stimulation with ET, vessels are to some extent temporarily refractory to further stimulation. However, few details are known about this phenomenon. The aim of our study was to verify the existence of refractoriness in ophthalmic ciliary arteries and, if present, to analyze its time course. METHODS: Twenty freshly isolated porcine ciliary arteries were placed in a myograph system to measure isometric forces. Each vessel was stimulated with 10(-7) M ET twice. The experiment was performed in 5 groups of vessels, which differed in the time interval between the initial and the second stimulation with ET. The intervals were 15 min, 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, and 4 h, respectively. RESULTS: The vasoconstrictive response to re-exposure to ET was time-dependently reduced. The response was lowest after 15 min (22% of baseline response), and then the sensitivity slowly recovered and was finally normal again after 4 h. CONCLU-SIONS: Our experiment with isolated porcine ophthalmic ciliary arteries revealed a refractoriness phase to ET after an acute stimulation with ET. This refractoriness was transient and disappeared after 4 h. The lowest response was observed in the group of vessels re-exposed 15 min after the first stimulation. Refractoriness to the Effect of Endothelin-1 in Porcine Ciliary Arteries Methods: Twenty freshly isolated porcine ciliary arteries were placed in a myograph system to measure isometric forces. Each vessel was stimulated with 10 -7 M ET twice. The experiment was performed in 5 groups of vessels, which differed in the time interval between the initial and the second stimulation with ET. The intervals were 15 min, 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, and 4 h, respectively. Results: The vasoconstrictive response to re-exposure to ET was time-dependently reduced. The response was lowest after 15 min (22% of baseline response), and then the sensitivity slowly recovered and was finally normal again after 4 h. Conclusions: Our experiment with isolated porcine ophthalmic ciliary arteries revealed a refractoriness phase to ET after an acute stimulation with ET. This refractoriness was transient and disappeared after 4 h. The lowest response was observed in the group of vessels re-exposed 15 min after the first stimulation.

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Endothelin and Its Suspected Role in the Pathogenesis and Possible Treatment of Glaucoma

Cited by 54 publications

References 103 publications

Ocular Blood Flow and Influencing Factors for Glaucoma

Ocular Blood Flow and Influencing Factors for Glaucoma

Medical Treatment of Primary Canine Glaucoma

Refractoriness to the Effect of Endothelin-1 in Porcine Ciliary Arteries

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