Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Moyamoya Disease: Current Situation and Controversial Issues

Yu, Jin; Du, Qian; Hu, Miao; Zhang, Jianjian; Chen, Jincao

doi:10.1177/0963689720913259

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…However, the results of the studies conducted so far did not report convincing results, hampering our understanding of the role of EPCs in the MA pathophysiological mechanisms ( Table 4 ) [ 7 , 47 , 48 , 49 ]. The heterogeneous results of previous studies may be due to the use of different methodological approach and to the selection bias in the evaluated patient and control cohorts, where young and adult subjects, Caucasian and Asian ethnicities, and operated vs non-operated patients were put together [ 9 , 26 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vascular Remodeling in Moyamoya Angiopathy: From Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Endothelial Cells

Tinelli

Nava

Arioli

et al. 2020

IJMS

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The pathophysiological mechanisms of Moyamoya angiopathy (MA), which is a rare cerebrovascular condition characterized by recurrent ischemic/hemorrhagic strokes, are still largely unknown. An imbalance of vasculogenic/angiogenic mechanisms has been proposed as one possible disease aspect. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (cEPCs) have been hypothesized to contribute to vascular remodeling of MA, but it remains unclear whether they might be considered a disease effect or have a role in disease pathogenesis. The aim of the present study was to provide a morphological, phenotypical, and functional characterization of the cEPCs from MA patients to uncover their role in the disease pathophysiology. cEPCs were identified from whole blood as CD45dimCD34+CD133+ mononuclear cells. Morphological, biochemical, and functional assays were performed to characterize cEPCs. A significant reduced level of cEPCs was found in blood samples collected from a homogeneous group of adult (mean age 46.86 ± 11.7; 86.36% females), Caucasian, non-operated MA patients with respect to healthy donors (HD; p = 0.032). Since no difference in cEPC characteristics and functionality was observed between MA patients and HD, a defective recruitment mechanism could be involved in the disease pathophysiology. Collectively, our results suggest that cEPC level more than endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) functionality seems to be a potential marker of MA. The validation of our results on a larger population and the correlation with clinical data as well as the use of more complex cellular model could help our understanding of EPC role in MA pathophysiology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An impaired function of cEPCs was also similarly observed in adult MA patients [ 25 ]. However, the results of these studies are controversial, probably due to different methodological approaches, and a consensus on the best cEPC identification/quantification approach has not been achieved yet [ 9 , 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular Remodeling in Moyamoya Angiopathy: From Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Endothelial Cells

Tinelli

Nava

Arioli

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…While these models reproduce the disparate aspects of MMD independently, no model exists that satisfactorily combines genetic predisposition, immunologically mediated vasculopathy, and chronic ischemia. Recently, EPCs and SPCs have attracted much attention in the study of the pathogenesis of MMD because of the difficulty in obtaining specimens and a lack of animal models (108). MMD is a unique disease that involves the proliferation, migration, differentiation of different vascular cells, and the maintenance of the vascular wall.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Animal Models for Moyamoya Disease: A Species-Oriented Scoping Review

et al. 2022

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Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare cerebrovascular disease characterized by progressive stenosis of large intracranial arteries and a hazy network of basal collaterals called moyamoya vessels. The etiology and pathogenesis of MMD are still obscure. The biggest obstacles in the basic research of MMD are difficulty in obtaining specimens and the lack of an animal model. It is necessary to use appropriate and rationally designed animal models for the correct evaluation. Several animal models and methods have been developed to produce an effective MMD model, such as zebrafish, mice and rats, rabbits, primates, felines, canines, and peripheral blood cells, each with advantages and disadvantages. There are three mechanisms for developing animal models, including genetic, immunological/inflammatory, and ischemic animal models. This review aims to analyze the characteristics of currently available models, providing an overview of the animal models framework and the convenience of selecting model types for MMD research. It will be a great benefit to identify strategies for future model generations.

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“…In addition to quantitative anomalies, the functional abnormality of EPCs may also play a role in the progression of MMD [ 81 , 82 ]. This phenomenon exists due to a lack of standardized protocols for isolation, cultivation and identification of these cells, as different investigations were conducted using various techniques and with non-unified cell surface markers, concentrating on different subgroups of EPCs [ 82 ]. Early EPCs possess 3 specific surface markers: CD34, CD133, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) [ 83 ], while late EPCs only express 2 markers: CD34 and VEGFR-2 [ 84 ].…”

Section: Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Progression in Moyamoya Disease: Clinical Features, Neuroimaging Evaluation, and Treatment

Zhang

Xiao

Zhang

et al. 2022

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: Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a chronic cerebrovascular disease characterized by progressive stenosis of the arteries of the circle of Willis, with the formation of the collateral vascular network at the base of the brain. Its clinical manifestations are complicated. Numerous studies have attempted to clarify the clinical features of MMD, including its epidemiology, genetic characteristics, and pathophysiology. With the development of neuroimaging techniques, various neuroimaging modalities with different advantages have deepened the understanding of MMD in structural, functional, spatial, and temporal dimensions. At present, the main treatment for MMD focuses on neurological protection, cerebral blood flow reconstruction, and neurological rehabilitation, such as pharmacological treatment, surgical revascularization, and cognitive rehabilitation. In this review, we discuss recent progress in understanding the clinical features, neuroimaging evaluation, and treatment of MMD.

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Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Moyamoya Disease: Current Situation and Controversial Issues

Cited by 12 publications

References 118 publications

Vascular Remodeling in Moyamoya Angiopathy: From Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Endothelial Cells

Vascular Remodeling in Moyamoya Angiopathy: From Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Endothelial Cells

Experimental Animal Models for Moyamoya Disease: A Species-Oriented Scoping Review

Progression in Moyamoya Disease: Clinical Features, Neuroimaging Evaluation, and Treatment

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