Endothelial Progenitor Cells as Pathogenetic and Diagnostic Factors, and Potential Targets for GLP-1 in Combination with Metabolic Syndrome and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Abstract

In clinical practice, there are patients with a combination of metabolic syndrome (MS) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The pathological mechanisms linking MS and COPD are largely unknown. It remains unclear whether the effect of MS (possible obesity) has a major impact on the progression of COPD. This complicates the development of effective approaches for the treatment of patients with a diagnosis of MS and COPD. Experiments were performed on female C57BL/6 mice. Introduction of monosodium glutamate and extract of cigarette smoke was modeled to simulate the combined pathology of lipid disorders and emphysema. Biological effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and GLP-1 on endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) in vitro and in vivo were evaluated. Histological, immunohistochemical methods, biochemical methods, cytometric analysis of markers identifying EPC were used in the study. The CD31+ endothelial cells in vitro evaluation was produced by Flow Cytometry and Image Processing of each well with a Cytation™ 3. GLP-1 reduces the area of emphysema and increases the number of CD31+ endothelial cells in the lungs of mice in conditions of dyslipidemia and damage to alveolar tissue of cigarette smoke extract. The regenerative effects of GLP-1 are caused by a decrease in inflammation, a positive effect on lipid metabolism and glucose metabolism. EPC are proposed as pathogenetic and diagnostic markers of endothelial disorders in combination of MS with COPD. Based on GLP-1, it is proposed to create a drug to stimulate the regeneration of endothelium damaged in MS and COPD.

Gender Differences in the Pharmacological Actions of Pegylated Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 on Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Angiogenic Precursor Cells in a Combination of Metabolic Disorders and Lung Emphysema

“…Our data is in general accordance with previously published results [24]. As in our earlier study [20], this work revealed infiltration of the parenchyma of lungs by inflammatory cells (predominantly macrophages and single neutrophils) in mice of both sexes treated with MSG (Figure 4). At the same time, hemodynamic disturbances and a decrease in the expression of CD31 in the lungs were observed.…”

“…Administration of pegGLP-1 or GLP-1 in cell culture resulted in a decrease of CD31 + endothelial cell apoptosis and an increase in the number of CD34+ cells with active esterases (Figure 9). Thus, it is possible that similar to native GLP-1 [20], CD31 and CD34 positive endothelial progenitor cells are the target for pegGLP-1.…”

“…Previously, we demonstrated that incretin glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) administration could stimulate the regeneration of lung endothelium in lung emphysema in obese mice [20]. The regenerative effects of GLP-1 have been at least partly mediated by effects on endothelial progenitor cells.…”

Antifibrotic and Regenerative Effects of Treamid in Pulmonary Fibrosis

“…Subsequently, sections were staining with hematoxylin and eosin. Histological examination was carried out in three areas of lung tissue (upper, middle and lower) on d21 as described previously [36]. Lung structure, presence of edema, infiltration by proinflammatory cells as well as venous hyperemia, and vascular and bronchial walls thickening were assessed [37][38][39].…”

Anti-Arthritic Effect of Chicken Embryo Tissue Hydrolyzate Against Adjuvant Arthritis in Rats (X-Ray Microtomographic and Histopathological Analysis)

“…In autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus, the immune system turns against its own body and triggers inflammation. The International Society for Cellular and Gene Therapies (ISCT) and the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) recognize the potential of extracellular vesicles (EVs, including exosomes) from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and possibly other cell sources as treatments for OA [16][17][18][19][20][21]. The focus is shifting towards natural alternatives [22][23][24][25].…”