Endothelial Function for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Management

Yamaoka‐Tojo, Minako

doi:10.23937/2378-2951/1410103

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The vascular endothelial glycocalyx is crucial to endothelial function [ 67 ], as it is involved in microvascular reactivity, and modulates the interaction between the endothelium and blood constituents [ 68 ]. In addition, the vascular endothelial glycocalyx protects endothelial cells from shear stress caused by blood flow, and serves as a vascular permeability barrier [ 69 ]. As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Vascular Endothelial Glycocalyxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endothelial glycocalyx damage as a systemic inflammatory microvascular endotheliopathy in COVID-19

Yamaoka‐Tojo

2020

Biomedical Journal

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In atherosclerosis patients, vascular endothelial dysfunction is commonly observed alongside damage of the vascular endothelial glycocalyx, an extracellular matrix bound to and encapsulating the endothelial cells lining the blood vessel wall. Although atherosclerotic risk factors have been reported in severe patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the exact mechanisms are unclear. The mortality associated with the COVID-19 outbreak is increased by comorbidities, including hypertension, diabetes, obesity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cardiovascular disease. Besides, older individuals and smokers have significantly worse outcomes. Interestingly, these comorbidities and risk factors are consistent with the pathophysiology that causes vascular endothelial glycocalyx damage. Moreover, vascular glycocalyx dysfunction causes microvascular leakage, which results in interstitial pulmonary abnormal shadows (multiple patchy shadows with a ground glass inter-pneumonic appearance). This is frequently followed by severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), closely related to coagulo-fibrinolytic changes contributing to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and Kawasaki disease shock syndrome, as well as inducing activation of the coagulation cascade, leading to thromboembolism and multiple organ failure. Notably, SARS-CoV-2, the causative virus of COVID-19, binds to ACE2, which is abundantly present not only in human epithelia of the lung and the small intestine, but also in vascular endothelial cells and arterial smooth muscle cells. Moreover, COVID-19 can induce severe septic shock, and sepsis can easily lead to systemic degradation of the vascular endothelial glycocalyx. In the current review, we propose new concepts and therapeutic goals for COVID-19-related vascular endothelial glycocalyx damage, based on previous vascular endothelial medicine research.

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Section: Vascular Endothelial Glycocalyxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endothelial glycocalyx damage as a systemic inflammatory microvascular endotheliopathy in COVID-19

Yamaoka‐Tojo

2020

Biomedical Journal

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“…Furthermore, being the interface between blood and tissue, they are affected by changes in blood composition and blood flow. Any alteration of these parameters induces the conversion of the endothelium from an antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, and vasodilatory phenotype to a procoagulant, inflammatory, and vasoconstrictor phenotype [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Polyphenols and Carotenoids in Endothelial Dysfunction: An Overview from Classic to Innovative Biomarkers

Pietro

Baldassarre

Cichelli

et al. 2020

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Nowadays, the dramatically increased prevalence of metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes mellitus and their related complications, including endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease, represents one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Dietary nutrients together with healthy lifestyles have a crucial role in the endothelium health-promoting effects. From a growing body of evidence, active natural compounds from food, including polyphenols and carotenoids, have attracted particular attention as a complementary therapy on atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, as well as preventive approaches through the attenuation of inflammation and oxidative stress. They mainly act as radical scavengers by promoting a variety of biological mechanisms, such as improvements in endothelial function, blood pressure, platelet activity, and insulin sensitivity, and by modulating various known biomarkers. The present review highlights the role of polyphenols and carotenoids in early endothelial dysfunction with attention to their beneficial effect in modulating both classical and recent technologically generated emerging biomarkers. These, alone or in combination, can play an important role in the prediction, diagnosis, and evolution of cardiovascular disease. However, a main challenge is to speed up early and prompt new interventions in order to prevent or slow down disease progression, even with an adequate intake of bioactive compounds. Hence, there is an urgent need of new more validated, appropriate, and reliable diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers useful to diagnose endothelial dysfunction at an earlier stage.

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“…Thus far, VEGLX damage has acted as an index for determining the effectiveness of screening for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes control, and cardiovascular protection measures. Proper disease management to prevent damage to the VEGLX will lead to the development of future atherosclerotic diseases and the prevention of cardiovascular events [67]. To prevent cardiovascular disease in the COVID-19 era, we should limit the intake of high amounts of sodium [68], oxidized lipoproteins [69], and sugar [18,19].…”

Section: The Vascular Endothelial Glycocalyx and Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in the COVID-19 Era

Yokoyama¹,

Kamide²,

Tojo³

et al. 2021

austinjcardiovascdisatherosclerosis

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Although the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is still ongoing, the path towards a better future is finally becoming clear as a result of the initiation of COVID-19 vaccination. While pneumonia was initially emphasized as the only complication of COVID-19, it has become clear that fatal complications, such as a thromboembolism, are also likely to occur. In the era of recurring coronavirus infections, it is important to identify the causes and risk factors regarding exacerbations in patients who may develop severe COVID-19. This review describes how to prevent COVID-19 exacerbations in the context of cardiovascular disease, especially exacerbations related to the vascular endothelium.

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Endothelial Function for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Management

Cited by 10 publications

References 38 publications

Endothelial glycocalyx damage as a systemic inflammatory microvascular endotheliopathy in COVID-19

Endothelial glycocalyx damage as a systemic inflammatory microvascular endotheliopathy in COVID-19

Role of Polyphenols and Carotenoids in Endothelial Dysfunction: An Overview from Classic to Innovative Biomarkers

Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in the COVID-19 Era

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