Endothelial function and cardiovascular diseases in HIV infected patient

Andrade, Ana Cristina Oliveira; Cotter, Bruno

doi:10.1590/s1413-86702006000200012

Cited by 16 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…The higher levels of inflammatory markers and low HDL-C levels could point to endothelial dysfunction, which is seen as the link between infection, inflammation and atherosclerosis 10. Furthermore, in the older HIV-infected participants, a positive trend of increasing peripheral cr-PWV was detected, which was not observed in the uninfected participants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Is HIV-1 infection associated with endothelial dysfunction in a population of African ancestry in South Africa?

Fourie¹,

Rooyen²,

Pieters³

et al. 2011

CardioVascular Journal of Africa

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The chronic infection status suffered by HIV-infected individuals promotes chronic arterial inflammation and injury, which leads to dysfunction of the endothelium, atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Although HIV-1 subtype C is prevalent in South Africa and accounts for almost a third of the infections worldwide, this subtype differs genetically from HIV-1 subtype B on which the majority of studies have been done. The objective of this study was to assess whether newly identified, never-treated, HIV-1-infected South African participants showed signs of endothelial dysfunction, accelerated atherosclerosis and increased blood coagulation.We compared 300 newly diagnosed (never antiretroviral-treated) HIV-infected participants to 300 age-, gender-, body mass index- and locality-matched uninfected controls. Levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides, interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), fibrinogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and carotid radialis pulse wave velocity (cr-PWV) were determined. The HIV-infected participants showed lower HDL-C and higher IL-6, CRP, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 levels compared to the uninfected controls. No differences in fibrinogen and PAI-1 levels were detected. A continuous positive trend of increasing age with cr-PWV was detected in the HIV-infected group.Our findings suggest inflammatory injury of the endothelium, pointing to endothelial dysfunction of never-treated HIV-1-infected South Africans of African ancestry. Although no indication of a prothrombotic state could be detected, there was an indication of accelerated vascular aging and probable early atherosclerosis in the older HIV-infected participants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Endothelial injury and dysfunction have been proposed as plausible links between HIV infection and atherosclerosis 9. The development of atherosclerosis may be the consequence of infection-triggered endothelial damage,10 and atherosclerotic cardiovascular events are commonly manifested via thrombotic events 11…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is HIV-1 infection associated with endothelial dysfunction in a population of African ancestry in South Africa?

Fourie¹,

Rooyen²,

Pieters³

et al. 2011

CardioVascular Journal of Africa

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“…However, serious interactions with metabolism of sugar and lipids lead to the appearance of well documented disorders such as insulin resistance, abnormalities in lipid metabolism and lipodystrophy, particularly associated with protease inhibitors (Andrade and Cotter, 2006). This leads to the decline in the use of protease inhibitors in the HAART regimen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HAART have also been reported to significantly reduce the morbidity and mortality of HIV infection (Gea-Banacloche and Lane, 1999). Nevertheless, in the early 2000s adverse reactions began to appear and started to challenge the goals of HAART (Andrade and Cotter, 2006). Mildvan (2003) reported that many HIV positive patients receiving HAART still develop mild to moderate anaemia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of antibodies to haart agents among hiv patients in benin city, nigeria

Omoregie¹,

Egbeobauwaye²,

Ogefere³

et al. 2010

African Journal of Biomedical Research

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Against the background that some human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients on the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) still experience anaemia, some possible reasons for this were investigated. Blood was collected from 50 newly diagnosed treatment naive HIV-infected patients, 100 HIV-infected patients on HAART and 30 apparently healthy HIV seronegative individuals that served as controls. Haemotocrit values, red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and the presence of antibodies to the drugs in the HAART regimen were determined. The mean ± standard deviation of haematocrit values of HAART naive HIV patients (36.90 ± 5.61%) and those on HAART (37.20 ± 6.20%) were significantly lower compared to controls (41.50 ± 5.88%) (p = 0.001), though the difference between HIV patients on HAART and those that were HAART naive was not significant (p = 0.836). Although, the RDW of HIV patients were lower than controls, the difference was only significant (p = 0.026) between controls (17.00 ± 6.01%) and HAART naive HIV patients (15.00 ± 1.87). A total of 81 (81%) out of the 100 HIV patients on HAART had antibodies to one or more of the HAART drugs. Antibodies to nevirapine (58%) was higher compared to stavudine (44.6) and zidovudine (42%) ( p = < 0.05). There was no significant improvement in haematocrit of HIV patients on HAART over HAART naive HIV patients. Use of zidovudine, nutritional deficiency and presence of antibodies to the HAART drugs may have been responsible (Afr. J. Biomed. Res. 11: 33 -37)

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“…Indeed, it has been described that in HIV + patients the incidence of premature CAD increases. It has been reported that not only the HIV infection but also the antiretroviral treatment, especially with protease inhibitors, elicits dyslipidemias 1,6,8,14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations in lipid transfer to High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) and activity of paraoxonase-1 in HIV+ patients

Daminelli

Spada

Treitinger

et al. 2008

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARY HIV+ patients often develop alterations of the plasma lipids that may implicate in development of premature coronary artery disease. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) has an important role in preventing atherogenesis and the aim of this study was to investigate aspects of HDL function in HIV + patients. HIV + patients (n = 48) and healthy control subjects (n = 45) of both sexes with similar age were studied. Twenty-five were not being treated with antiretroviral agents, 13 were under reverse transcriptase inhibitor nucleosidic and non-nucleosidic (NRTI+NNRTI) and 10 were under NRTI + protease inhibitors (NRTI+PI) treatment. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity and the transfer of free and esterified cholesterol, tryglicerides and phospholipids from a lipidic nanoemulsion to HDL were analyzed. In comparison with healthy controls, HIV + patients presented low PON-1 activity and diminished transfer of free cholesterol and tryglicerides. In contrast, phospholipid transfer was increased in those patients, whereas the transfer of cholesteryl esters was unchanged. NRTI+NNRTI increases the transfer of cholesteryl esters and triglycerides but in NRTI+PI there was no difference in respect to non-treated HIV + patients. HDL from HIV + patients has smaller antioxidant properties, as shown by lower PON-1 activity, and the transfer of lipids to this lipoprotein fraction is also altered, suggesting that HDL function is defective in those patients.

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Endothelial function and cardiovascular diseases in HIV infected patient

Cited by 16 publications

References 96 publications

Is HIV-1 infection associated with endothelial dysfunction in a population of African ancestry in South Africa?

Is HIV-1 infection associated with endothelial dysfunction in a population of African ancestry in South Africa?

Prevalence of antibodies to haart agents among hiv patients in benin city, nigeria

Alterations in lipid transfer to High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) and activity of paraoxonase-1 in HIV+ patients

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