Endothelial dysfunction, platelet hyperactivity, hypertension, and the metabolic syndrome: molecular insights and combating strategies

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multifaceted condition that increases the possibility of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. MetS includes obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, endothelial dysfunction, and platelet hyperactivity. There is a concerning rise in the occurrence and frequency of MetS globally. The rising incidence and severity of MetS need a proactive, multipronged strategy for identifying and treating those affected. For many MetS patients, achieving recommended goals for healthy fat intake, blood pressure control, and blood glucose management may require a combination of medicine therapy, lifestyles, nutraceuticals, and others. However, it is essential to note that lifestyle modification should be the first-line therapy for MetS. In addition, MetS requires pharmacological, nutraceutical, or other interventions. This review aimed to bring together the etiology, molecular mechanisms, and dietary strategies to combat hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, and platelet dysfunction in individuals with MetS.

Unraveling the Paradox: Can Anticoagulation Improve Outcomes in Patients With Heart Failure and Increased Bleeding Risk?

“…In HF, systemic and pulmonary endothelial dysfunction occurs due to increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and reduced nitric oxide bioavailability. This endothelial dysfunction promotes a prothrombotic state by impairing vasodilation, enhancing platelet activation, and increasing the expression of procoagulant factors [6].…”

Investigating the Influence of Heavy Metals and Environmental Factors on Metabolic Syndrome Risk Based on Nutrient Intake: Machine Learning Analysis of Data from the Eighth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES)

“…In terms of education, the majority of the participants in Cluster 1 (73.75%) had a high school or lower education. (1) Cluster 1: Diverse Nutrient Intake; (2) Cluster 2: Nutrient-Deficient; (3) Cluster 3: High-Energy & Nutrient-Rich; (4) Cluster 4: Balanced Intake; (5) Data were expressed as mean ± SD; (6) TG: triglyceride; (7) HDL: high density lipoprotein; (8) MetS: metabolic syndrome.…”

“…For the vitamins, Cluster 3 also consumed the most, with the exception of Vitamin C and retinol, where Cluster 1 led. (1) Cluster 1: Diverse Nutrient Intake; (2) Cluster 2: Nutrient-Deficient; (3) Cluster 3: High-Energy & Nutrient-Rich; (4) Cluster 4: Balanced Intake.…”

“…Walking less than 5 days a week was linked to an increased risk in Cluster 4 (OR: 1.531, 95% CI: 1.317-1.780), emphasizing the importance of regular physical activity for balanced nutrient intake. (1) Cluster 1: Diverse Nutrient Intake; (2) Cluster 2: Nutrient-Deficient; (3) Cluster 3: High-Energy & Nutrient-Rich; (4) Cluster 4: Balanced Intake.…”

“…This cluster of conditions, which includes elevated blood pressure, heightened blood sugar, abdominal obesity, elevated triglyceride levels, and reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels, presents more than just isolated health issues [ 2 , 3 ]. When viewed collectively, these conditions escalate the risks for severe health complications such as heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes [ 4 ]. As individual health concerns, they require rigorous surveillance, but their combined presence indicates potentially dire health trajectories.…”