Endothelial dysfunction in human essential hypertension

Abstract

Abstract:Although the endothelium has a number of important functions, the term endothelial dysfunction is commonly used to describe impairment in its vasodilatory capacity. It is increasingly recognised that this is related to hypertension, although whether it predates hypertension or is a consequence of it is still unknown. In this review we explore the mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction in hypertension, its prognostic significance and methods of pharmacological reversal. Powered by Editorial Manager® and ProduXion Manager® from Aries Systems Corporation CONDENSED ABSTRACTEndothelial dysfunction is prevalent in hypertension and has a recognised association with the condition. In this article we review the pathophysiology of endothelial dysfunction in human hypertension, its prognostic significance and methods of pharmacological reversal. We appreciate the opportunity to revise this manuscript again and particularly would like to thank Reviewer whose constructive criticism has certainly improved the manuscript. We have addressed the minor comments suggested as attached to this letter.We are extremely grateful once again to the reviewers and the editors for their detailed critique which has undoubtedly improved the quality of the manuscript.We thank you once again for the opportunity to resubmit our manuscript and look forward to your decision. Yours sincerely Dr Ify Mordi Submission letterReviewer #2:I thank you the author for their last revision: the paper improved quite a lot! Just few points should be still addressed:We thank the reviewer for their positive appraisal of our revised manuscript -we agree that the comments provided have substantially improved the review. We agree with the reviewer that this sentence is out of place. Given the length of the review and the fact that this is covered elsewhere we have now deleted the sentence.-Please move the description of micromyography to the invasive methods as tissue biopsies are necessary.We thank the reviewer for pointing out this error. We have now moved the description of myography to the invasive methods section (page 5). We have no conflict of interest. Endothelial Dysfunction in Human Essential Hypertension Manuscript 2 ABSTRACTAlthough the endothelium has a number of important functions, the term endothelial

Chronic Stress Produces Persistent Increases in Plasma Corticosterone, Reductions in Brain and Cardiac Nitric Oxide Production, and Delayed Alterations in Endothelial Function in Young Prehypertensive Rats

“…Despite intensive clinical and experimental research, the causes of hypertension remain unknown in approximately 95% of all human cases. Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is a common pathology observed in hypertensive humans (Mordi et al, 2016) and rats (Bernatova, 2014). Oxidative stress and nitric oxide (NO) deficiency frequently cause ED in humans and experimental models of hypertension.…”

A Single Resistance Exercise Session Improves Aortic Endothelial Function in Hypertensive Rats

“…1 Several reports have shown that endothelial dysfunction is involved in the genesis or the development of arterial hypertension and may be either the cause or the consequence of the problem. 2,3 In the presence of arterial hypertension there is an imbalance in the production of endothelial factors, thus vasoconstrictors are produced in greater quantity than vasodilators. It explains the impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation in hypertensive animals and human subjects.…”

Imperial Britain and the challenge of press freedom in Nigeria during the Second World War

“…Some of them were "able to hold the forte, as best as they could, during my short respite and absence". A corollary to this is for the editor to avoid punishment by currying favour and reward from the establishment, in return for diluting the pungency of his editorials, or simply omitting, distorting, and adopting "rhetorical devices" rather than reporting contentious issues in obvious acquiescence to self-censorship (Lee,1998:57 (Mordi, 2008(Mordi, ,2009(Mordi, ,2011(Mordi, ,2012.…”

“…Governor Richards' appointment from Jamaica, where he had a record of high handedness in dealing with the educated elite was a clear indication that Britain was not prepared for a peaceful transfer of power soon after the war, thereby igniting Nigeria's militant nationalism. The Zik press constituted the instrument which, along with the NCNC and organized labour sought to merge economic with political grievances (Mordi, 2011), to launch Nigeria on the road to independence. In this regard, the press had derived much inspiration from India, which the Nigerian Daily Times of 11 August 1942 publicized the demands of its nationalists for immediate British withdrawal, and thereby focused world attention on the vast colony and dazzled the imagination of the emergent Nigerian elite .…”

“…Recent studies have sought, however, to emphasize that Nigerian initiative prompted Britain's reluctant adoption of wartime propaganda to keep Nigerians in a war mood, but which on the long run, turned out to be an abysmal failure (Mordi, 2009), and led to the rigorous pursuit of post war propaganda as an instrument to contain surging post war militant nationalism in Nigeria (Mordi, 2011). The latter studies merely make passing references to the attempts of colonial officialdom to censor the press in wartime.…”