Endothelial dysfunction in endocrine disease

Thyroid Dysfunction and Blood Pressure Components: Multivariate Statistical Associations

“…Extremely highly significant relationships were found for all of the above four experimental models (p<0.0001), results which clearly demonstrated powerful associations between thyroid disease status and each of the four BP components examined [Fig-4]. Indeed, for model (1), only the first and second factors significantly contributed to the total variance (80 and 20%, respectively), and the order of each factorial contribution for the explanatory variables was euthyroid disease status > BMI > age > serum TSH level > hypothyroid disease status > gender for factor 1, and hyperthyroid disease status and serum T4 level for factor 2, i.e. the second component was ascribable to the hyperthyroid condition [these two factors represent linear combinations of (correlated) quantitative explanatory variables and are orthogonal (uncorrelated) to each other].…”

“…On consideration of the clear 'between-thyroid status' differences in such relationships, we computed partial correlation coefficients [rbp (n).th(1-4)] for each thyroid status classification [ Table-2]. Table 2-Partial correlation coefficient (rbp(n).th (1)(2)(3)(4)) values between individual BP components and blood serum TSH and T4 biomarker levels (IU/ml and ng/ml respectively), age (yr.) and BMI (kg.m-2) parameters. The corresponding two-tailed significance (p) values of these rbp(n).th (1)(2)(3)(4) values are provided in brackets.…”

“…Thyroid dysfunction is associated with increased mortality from, or a high prevalence of, cardiovascular diseases [1]; deviations from euthyroid status affect normal physiology. Although the effect of such deviations on blood pressure (BP) is more marked [2,3], the relationship between thyroid disorders and BP is not well recognized [4].…”

“…In addition, thyroid hormones regulate BP through the renin-angiotensinaldosterone system (RAAS), in which hyper and hypothyroidism induce opposite effects [4]. Moreover, thyroid disease can cause endothelial dysfunction through reduced fibrinolytic activity and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis [1]. At the molecular level, thyroid hormones play an important role in the gene expression of cardiac myocytes [9].…”

Effect of Obesity on the Traditional and Emerging Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in African American Women

“…Endothelial dysfunction has been identified as an early marker of cardiovascular disease and has been shown to predict future coronary artery disease before atherosclerotic changes appear in arteries. Serum markers of endothelial function such as E-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 are associated with either increased mortality from or increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease (Abdu, Elhadd, Pfeifer, & Clayton, 2001) similar to obesity and diabetes. Thrombus formation underpins the development of cardiovascular diseases, including acute coronary syndromes and ischemic stroke.…”