Endothelial Cells

Sturtzel, Caterina

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-57613-8_4

Cited by 207 publications

(152 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…28 However, when vascular endothelial cells are exposed to an external stimulus, their structure and function become impaired, leading to large accumulations of lipids in blood vessels and changes in vascular permeability. 29 At the same time, these changes promote the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, resulting in thrombus formation and platelet adhesion, and ultimately, the formation of atherosclerotic plaque. 30,31 In our study, we used ox-LDL-treated endothelial cells as a model in which to investigate the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic disease, and found that ox-LDLs could inhibit cholesterol efflux, and downregulate ABCA1 and ABCG1 expression in a dosedependent manner.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Ox-LDL Causes Endothelial Cell Injury Through ASK1/NLRP3-Mediated Inflammasome Activation via Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress</p>

Hang

Peng

Xiang

et al. 2020

DDDT

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These authors contributed equally to this workObjective: This study was to investigate the mechanism of inflammatory pathology modification induced by ox-LDL in endothelial cells. Methodology: In this study, we firstly investigated the efflux of cholesterol of endothelial cells under the treatment of ox-LDL, and cell proliferation, ROS production, cell apoptosis was measured. Further, proteins of ASK1, NLRP3 inflammasomes and endoplasmic reticulum stress response were detected. Afterwards, ASK1 inhibitor (GS-4997) or endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) inhibitor (4-PBA) was used to measure the performance of endothelial cells. Results: In this study, endothelial cells were treated with ox-LDLs alone or in combination with a GS-4997 or 4-PBA. Results showed that ox-LDLs attenuated the efflux of cholesterol from endothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner. Ox-LDLs inhibited the proliferation of endothelial cells, and induced their apoptosis and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, ox-LDLs upregulated the levels of phosphorylated ASK1, ERS-related proteins (chop, p-PERK, GRP78, and p-IRE-1), and inflammation-associated proteins (NLRP3, IL-1β, and caspase 1) in endothelial cells. Moreover, we proved that GS-4997 could partly reverse ox-LDL-mediated cell proliferation, apoptosis, ROS production, and inflammation in endothelial cells, and increase cholesterol efflux. We also found that 4-PBA could attenuate the effects of ox-LDLs on endothelial cell cholesterol efflux, proliferation, apoptosis, ROS production, and inflammation. Conclusion: Our results suggest that cholesterol efflux from endothelial cells is reduced by ox-LDLs, and these reductions in cholesterol efflux are accompanied by increased NLRP3 inflammasome signaling, ASK1 and higher levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Our results suggest this axis as potential targets for treating atherosclerosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Ox-LDL Causes Endothelial Cell Injury Through ASK1/NLRP3-Mediated Inflammasome Activation via Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress</p>

Hang

Peng

Xiang

et al. 2020

DDDT

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“…ECs are the basis for the formation of the inner surface of blood vessels. 416 Studies reported that glioblastoma stem cells are located around the blood vessels, and the concept of the cancer microvascular environment was first proposed. Calabrese et al 417 demonstrated that direct contact between ECs and CSCs occurs in brain tumors.…”

Section: Major Signaling Pathways In Cscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting cancer stem cell pathways for cancer therapy

Yang

Shi

Zhao

et al. 2020

Sig Transduct Target Ther

1,233

998

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Since cancer stem cells (CSCs) were first identified in leukemia in 1994, they have been considered promising therapeutic targets for cancer therapy. These cells have self-renewal capacity and differentiation potential and contribute to multiple tumor malignancies, such as recurrence, metastasis, heterogeneity, multidrug resistance, and radiation resistance. The biological activities of CSCs are regulated by several pluripotent transcription factors, such as OCT4, Sox2, Nanog, KLF4, and MYC. In addition, many intracellular signaling pathways, such as Wnt, NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB), Notch, Hedgehog, JAK-STAT (Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription), PI3K/AKT/mTOR (phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin), TGF (transforming growth factor)/SMAD, and PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor), as well as extracellular factors, such as vascular niches, hypoxia, tumor-associated macrophages, cancer-associated fibroblasts, cancer-associated mesenchymal stem cells, extracellular matrix, and exosomes, have been shown to be very important regulators of CSCs. Molecules, vaccines, antibodies, and CAR-T (chimeric antigen receptor T cell) cells have been developed to specifically target CSCs, and some of these factors are already undergoing clinical trials. This review summarizes the characterization and identification of CSCs, depicts major factors and pathways that regulate CSC development, and discusses potential targeted therapy for CSCs.Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy (2020) 5:8; https://doi.

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“…In contrast to cardiomyocytes, endothelial injury may affect cardiac function by mechanisms other than the death of endothelial cells, including increased permeability and edema, and recruitment of platelets and inflammatory cells [407]. …”

Section: Cell Types Other Than Cardiomyocytesmentioning

confidence: 99%