Endothelial cell‐released extracellular vesicles trigger pyroptosis and vascular inflammation to induce atherosclerosis through the delivery of HIF1A‐AS2

Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) possess great potential in the modulation of cardiovascular diseases. Our current work intended to assay the clinical significance of endothelial cell (EC)-derived EVs in atherosclerosis (AS). Expression of HIF1A-AS2, miR-455-5p, and ESRRG in plasma from AS patients and mice and EVs from ox-LDL-treated ECs was measured. Interactions among HIF1A-AS2, miR-455-5p, ESRRG, and NLRP3 were analyzed. Next, EVs were co-cultured with ECs, and ectopic expression and depletion experimentations of HIF1A-AS2, miR-455-5p, ESRRG, and/or NLRP3 were carried out to assay their roles in pyroptosis and inflammation of ECs in AS. At last, the effects of HIF1A-AS2 shuttled by EC-derived EVs on EC pyroptosis and vascular inflammation in AS were verified in vivo. HIF1A-AS2 and ESRRG were highly expressed, while miR-455-5p was poorly expressed in AS. HIF1A-AS2 could sponge miR-455-5p to elevate the expression of ESRRG and NLRP3. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that ECs-derived EVs carrying HIF1A-AS2 induced the pyroptosis and vascular inflammation of ECs to promote the progression of AS by sponging miR-455-5p via ESRRG/NLRP3. HIF1A-AS2 shuttled by ECs-derived EVs can accelerate the progression of AS by downregulating miR-455-5p and upregulating ESRRG and NLRP3.

Unraveling the Multifaceted Roles of Extracellular Vesicles: Insights into Biology, Pharmacology, and Pharmaceutical Applications for Drug Delivery

“…EVs are involved in diverse biological processes, such as cell motility [ 254 , 255 , 256 ], differentiation [ 257 , 258 , 259 ], proliferation [ 260 , 261 ], apoptosis [ 262 , 263 ], reprogramming [ 264 , 265 , 266 ], and immunity [ 267 , 268 ], through regulation of intercellular communication. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of EVs in these biological processes and in intercellular communication is crucial for their clinical potential [ 269 , 270 ] and applications [ 271 , 272 , 273 , 274 , 275 , 276 , 277 , 278 , 279 ].…”