Endothelial Activation Microparticles and Inflammation Status Improve with Exercise Training in African Americans

Abstract

African Americans have the highest prevalence of hypertension in the world which may emanate from their predisposition to heightened endothelial inflammation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a 6-month aerobic exercise training (AEXT) intervention on the inflammatory biomarkers interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and endothelial microparticle (EMP) CD62E+ and endothelial function assessed by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in African Americans. A secondary purpose was to evaluate whether changes in IL-10, IL-6, or CD62E+ EMPs predicted the change in FMD following the 6-month AEXT intervention. A pre-post design was employed with baseline evaluation including office blood pressure, FMD, fasting blood sampling, and graded exercise testing. Participants engaged in 6 months of AEXT. Following the AEXT intervention, all baseline tests were repeated. FMD significantly increased, CD62E+ EMPs and IL-6 significantly decreased, and IL-10 increased but not significantly following AEXT. Changes in inflammatory biomarkers did not significantly predict the change in FMD. The change in VO2 max significantly predicted the change in IL-10. Based on these results, AEXT may be a viable, nonpharmacological method to improve inflammation status and endothelial function and thereby contribute to risk reduction for cardiovascular disease in African Americans.

Time-course of vascular adaptations during 8 weeks of exercise training in subjects with type 2 diabetes and middle-aged controls

“…Furthermore, we cannot fully rule out the possibility that the structural remodelling was negatively influenced by the resistance training, as the transfers between different exercises in the circuit may have decreased the overall workload. Previous studies have also observed that FMD is elevated after prolonged (3 months) exercise training in type 2 diabetes patients (Okada et al 2010) and sedentary middle-aged subjects (Babbitt et al 2013). Furthermore, subjects with established coronary heart disease (Ades et al 2011) show no larger increase in vascular function after prolonged exercise training than studies adopting a 4-8 week training protocol, providing some support for our findings that the initial improvement in vascular function remains when continuing exercise training.…”

A standardized exercise intervention differentially affects premenopausal and postmenopausal African-American women

“…EMPs were analyzed as previously reported 35 . Briefly, plasma samples were centrifuged twice for 1500g for 20 minutes at 24°C to obtain cell free plasma.…”

Differential Response to Exercise in African Americans with High Levels of Inflammation

“…18 Briefly, plasma samples were centrifuged twice at 1500g for 20 minutes at 24°C to obtain cell free plasma. 100 µL of sample was then incubated with fluorochromelabeled antibodies and fixed with 93 µL of 10% formaldehyde followed by gentle agitation (500 RPM) for 20 minutes at 24°C.…”