Endosperm development after controlled pollination within and between species of Trillium and Paris

Dyer, A. F.

doi:10.1007/bf00326510

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Neither observation is consistent with the usual (monosporic) form of megagametophytic development. Such observations are, however, compatible with a relatively uncommon bisporic type of female gametogenesis (Schoen 1980), previously reported in Trillium (Dyer 1963; Zomlefer 1996), presenting an additional challenge for the inference of the paternal gametic contribution to the embryo. We provide the pertinent details on development of the Trillium embryo sac in the Appendix, and we also explain a novel procedure for extracting male gametic inference from the analysis of the bisporic endosperm and the elaiosome.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 86%

Pollen‐mediated gene dispersal within continuous and fragmented populations of a forest understorey species, Trillium cuneatum

et al. 2006

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Pollen movement plays a critical role in the distribution of genetic variation within and among plant populations. Direct measures of pollen movement in the large, continuous populations that characterize many herbaceous plant species are often technically difficult and biologically unreliable. Here, we studied contemporary pollen movement in four large populations of Trillium cuneatum. Three populations, located in the Georgia Piedmont, are exposed to strong anthropogenic disturbances, while the fourth population, located in the Southern Appalachian Mountains, is relatively undisturbed. Using the recently developed TwoGener analysis, we extracted estimates of the effective number of pollen donors (N(ep)), effective mating neighbourhood size (A(ep)) and the average distance of pollen movement (delta) for each population. We extended the TwoGener method by developing inference on the paternal gametic contribution to the embryo in situations where offspring genotypes are inferred from seeds and elaiosomes of species with bisporic megagametogenesis. Our estimates indicate that maternal plants do not sample pollen randomly from a global pool; rather, pollen movement in all four populations is highly restricted. Although the effective number of pollen donors per maternal plant is low (1.22-1.66) and pollen movement is highly localized in all populations, N(ep) in the disturbed Piedmont populations is higher and there is more pollen movement than in the mountains. The distance pollen moves is greater in disturbed sites and fragmented populations, possibly due to edge effects in Trillium habitats.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 86%

Pollen‐mediated gene dispersal within continuous and fragmented populations of a forest understorey species, Trillium cuneatum

et al. 2006

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“…These observations agree with Dyer's (1963) results following controlled crosses between various Trillium species. No hybrid seeds were produced.…”

Section: Distribution and Frequency Of Chromosome Types-supporting

confidence: 91%

The Cyto-Ecology of Four Species of Trillium from Western North Carolina

Serota¹,

Smith²

1967

American Journal of Botany

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The major center of variability in the genus Trillium occurs in the southern Appalachian mountains of the eastern United States. The karyotypic variation existing within T. cuneatum Raf., T. grandiflorum (Michx.) Salisb., T. erectum L., and T. gleasoni Fern., the four most abundant Trillium species in western North Carolina, was analyzed and compared with the variation in gross morphology and the ecological associations of the respective species. The number of types of each kind of chromosome (A‐E), as exhibited following “nucleic acid starvation” by cold treatment, varied widely from species to species. Chromosome types varied within each species and within populations in the numbers, sizes, and positions of euchromatic and heterochromatic segments. No 10‐chromosome karyotype and only one 5‐chromosome complement was found to be duplicated in any two plants which belonged to different species. Trillium cuneatum with eight chromosome types was morphologically stable and occurred in a limited geographic area. Trillium gleasoni, characteristically adapted to elevations near 2,000 feet, contained 32 chromosome types and exhibited a high morphological variability. Trillium erectum (25 types) and T. grandiflorum (23 types) were also intermediate in morphological variability. These two species had the widest geographical range. Karyotypes were analyzed from pure stands of each of the four species and for each species from mixed stands of two or more of the species growing in close association. These Trillium species are maintaining a high level of karyotypic and gross morphological variability within comparatively limited geographical areas. None of the observed karyotypes in any species is likely to have arisen by recent interspecific hybridization. The composite karyotype of each species could be used as an aid to classification in the genus Trillium.

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“…No nectar is produced, but the foul smell attracts a number of dipterans, including members of Anthomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Sarcophagidae (Robertson 1896; Weed 1900). The pollination biology of the species is unclear as it has been proposed to be self-compatible (Carter 1892;Ihara 1973;Patrick 1973), cross-pollinated (Robertson 1896Dyer 1963), apomictic (Jeffrey and Haertl 1939;Fryxell 1957), or capable of both selfpollination and outcrossing with self-pollination being the dominant mode of pollination (Davis 1981;Fukuda 1984).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Hive bees have been recorded collecting pollen from the anthers (Carter 1892). The reproductive mode for T. grandiflorum is also unclear as it has also been proposed to be an obligate apomict (Fryxell 1957), self sterile as a result of endosperm failure (Dyer 1963), cross-pollinated (in Lovett Doust and Cavers 1982), or selfpollinated (Carter 1892;Fukuda 1984 The associated probability level (6') following an ANOVA analysis is given for each character. Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different (LSD test, ol = 0.05).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass-allocation patterns in populations of Trillium erectum and T. grandiflorum in southern Ontario

Chmielewski¹,

Ringius²

1987

Can. J. Bot.

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Biomass-allocation patterns to aerial tissues were examined among six populations for each of Trillium erectum L. and T. grandiflorum (Michx.) Salisb. in southern Ontario. Total biomass did not differ among populations of T. erectum, but androecial proportions and reproductive effort generally decreased from southwest to northeast. Total biomass of T. grandiflorum varied significantly among populations and its pattern of reproductive effort was the reverse of that of T. erectum. Androecium–gynoecium ratios decreased across southern Ontario from southwest to northeast for both species. These results suggest that there may be a shift from allogamy to autogamy in a northeasterly direction across southern Ontario.

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Endosperm development after controlled pollination within and between species of Trillium and Paris

Cited by 13 publications

References 5 publications

Pollen‐mediated gene dispersal within continuous and fragmented populations of a forest understorey species, Trillium cuneatum

Pollen‐mediated gene dispersal within continuous and fragmented populations of a forest understorey species, Trillium cuneatum

The Cyto-Ecology of Four Species of Trillium from Western North Carolina

Biomass-allocation patterns in populations of Trillium erectum and T. grandiflorum in southern Ontario

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