Endoscopy of the gastroduodenal mucosa after carprofen, meloxicam and ketoprofen administration in dogs

Abstract

Endoscopy was undertaken to examine the gastroduodenal mucosa of 24 healthy dogs after seven days and again after 28 days of oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) administration. The dogs were divided into four groups. One group received ketoprofen (1 mg/kg every 24 hours), one group carprofen (2 mg/kg every 12 hours for seven days followed by 2 mg/kg every 24 hours), a third group meloxicam suspension (0.2 mg/kg every 24 hours), and the last group gelatin (one capsule every 24 hours). Serum biochemical and complete blood count parameters did not change significantly after NSAID administration. Gastroduodenal lesions were observed in 17 dogs, but in all cases these were mild to moderate. The dogs receiving gelatin or carprofen showed the fewest and the least severe lesions, although there was no statistically significant difference between the three test drugs and the control group (P < or = 0.05). None of the dogs showed any clinical signs related to the gastrointestinal lesions.

Effects of Long-Term Oral Administration of Ketoprofen in Clinically Healthy Beagle Dogs

“…In the present study, the pyrolic antrum was the most severely affected site in both groups, especially in the ketoprofen group, and the dogs receiving ketoprofen exhibited more severe lesions than control dogs, although the difference was not statistically significant. These results are similar to the findings of other studies in which gastric mucosa were evaluated after ketoprofen was administered to healthy dogs for 28 days [9,10]. However, arthritic patients have been reported to be at greater risk of developing NSAID-associated gastropathy than other NSAID users [24], and thus the side effects of long-term administration of ketoprofen in arthritic dogs will have to be investigated in the future.…”

“…Some NSAIDs may also idiosyncratically induce hepatocellular toxicosis [2,21,23]. Gastroenteropathy is the most common side effect caused by the chronic administration of NSAIDs [9,10]. In the present study, the pyrolic antrum was the most severely affected site in both groups, especially in the ketoprofen group, and the dogs receiving ketoprofen exhibited more severe lesions than control dogs, although the difference was not statistically significant.…”

“…The gastrointestinal tract was examined using a videoendoscope (Olympus ves, Olympus Avs Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), and the images of the mucosa were photographed. The number and size of the mucosal lesions were recorded and graded according to the scale reported by Forysh et al [9,10]. Briefly, the mucosal lesions are graded from 0 to 6.…”

Acute Effects of Carprofen and Meloxicam on Canine Gastrointestinal Permeability and Mucosal Absorptive Capacity

“…Previous studies investigating the GI response to meloxicam and carprofen in dogs with either acute or chronic administration of NSAIDs are few, 5,6,40,41 and detection of mucosal damage in these studies was accomplished by surgical or endoscopic evaluation of the GI tract, as opposed to permeability and mucosal function testing. By means of an endoscopic scoring system, 1 such study documented development of gastroduodenal lesions in dogs treated with either carprofen or meloxicam over 28 days, 5 but relative to controls, the lesions were not found to be statistically significant.…”

“…Their use is limited predominantly by varying degrees of gastrointestinal (GI) toxicosis, 1,2 dependent upon both the compound and the dose administered. [2][3][4][5] There are numerous accounts of NSAID-induced GI toxicosis in dogs [4][5][6][7] and humans, 8,9 and there is strong evidence that the pathophysiology involves altered integrity of the GI mucosal barrier. [9][10][11][12] Focal disruption of the mucosal barrier can result in penetration of potentially damaging compounds such as antigens, proteases, hydrogen ions, and bacteria, and other factors that stimulate the recruitment of chemotactic inflammatory cells.…”