Endoscopy of Larynx and Trachea with Rigid Laryngo- Tracheoscopes Under Superimposed High-Frequency Jet Ventilation (SHFJV)

Abstract

This chapter deals with the history of laryngoscopy and the fruitful scientific and clinical collaboration of anaesthesiologists and laryngologists in development and application of jet ventilation for surgical laryngotracheal interventions via a rigid laryngoscope.

Endoscopic Laser Surgery: Design, Modeling, and Control

“…4: View on the microrobot individual components before assembly. 1 main frame, 2 compliant SOI mirror, 3 linear piezoelectric motors, 4 magnetic position sensors, 5 magnetic strips, 6 optical fiber, 7 20 • inclined millimetric right angle prism, 8 housing, 9 actuator fixation, 10 , mirror fixation, and 11 magnetic strip holders.…”

“…Therefore, to get a straight-line projection from the laser source to the vocal folds, through the patient's mouth and larynx, the patient must be placed in an extreme extension of the neck. This causes a significant post-operative trauma, often more important than those corresponding to the vocal fold surgery itself [1]. Also, some patients cannot undergo surgery intervention due to a too rigid neck.…”

“…(a) Superposition of a path drawn by the surgeon (in solid blue) and the path followed by the laser (in dashed green) (b)(1) shows the evolution of the errors vs. number of iterations, (2) represents the progress rate (%) of the laser spot onto the path vs. number of iterations, and (3) the laser spot velocity vs. number of iterations.…”

Laser steering using virtual trifocal visual servoing

“…This disposition involves the projection, in a straight line, of the laser beam on the soft tissue through the patient’s mouth, the laryngoscope tunnel and the larynx itself. This causes a very uncomfortable position for the patient with an extreme extension of the neck, which makes it painful for several days after the operation (Aloy and Grasl, 2013). It also raises safety concerns, related to bad alignment of the laser and the throat (burning risks).…”

Weakly calibrated stereoscopic visual servoing for laser steering: Application to phonomicrosurgery

“…This disposition involves the projection, in straight line, of the laser beam on the soft tissue through the patient's mouth and the laryngoscope tunnel. This causes a very uncomfortable position for the patient with an extreme extension of the neck, that makes it painful several days after the operation [3]. Apart from this, the requirement of dexterity and considerable expertise of the surgeon to perform an intervention of the vocal cords are highly required.…”