“…For EUS-FNB specimen prepared by formalin-fixed, paraffinembedded, a 95% success rate for NGS is expected when samples have a tissue volume of 1.2 cm 2 and at least 5 ng/mL of analyzable DNA. 49 Although much of the initial work on EUS-TA has focused on NGS and is the focus of this paper, numerous additional methods, such as RNA and microRNA sequencing, [59][60][61][62] use of fluorescence in situ hybridization, 63,64 identification of protein and immune markers, the creation of tumor organoids, [65][66][67][68] and low cost whole-exome sequencing are emerging. Of these methods, the ability to create organoids, which are in vitro 3-dimensional tissue models, is particularly promising.…”