Endoscopic retrograde pancreatography

Sivak, Michael; Sullivan, B.H.

doi:10.1007/bf01095900

Cited by 44 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…It was possible at the first examination in all Beagles. Similar to humans, both branches of the canine accessory pancreatic duct had a decrease in size from proximal to distal but with smaller mean duct diameters 44–46 . In humans, the mean diameter of the normal pancreatic duct is 3.1–3.3 mm in the head, 2.4 in the body and 1.4–1.5 mm in the tail, 45,46 and therefore, more than three times bigger than the mean duct diameter determined in the Beagles of this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

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Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio‐pancreatography in Healthy Beagles

Spillmann

Happonen

Kähkönen

et al. 2005

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography and pancreatography was performed in seven healthy Beagles to assess the common bile duct and the accessory pancreatic duct after retrograde filling with an iodine contrast medium. All dogs had a major and a minor duodenal papilla. One Beagle had additionally an accessory papilla. The diameter of the contrast filled ducts was measured at three defined measure points (MP1-3) in ventrodorsal radiographs and left lateral radiographs. In ventrodorsal radiographs of endoscopic retrograde cholangiography the common bile duct had a straight craniomedial course. The mean duct diameter was from proximal to distal 3.04 +/- 1.89mm at MP1, 2.38 +/- 1.23 mm at MP2, and 2.11 +/- 0.84 mm at MP3. In ventrodorsal radiographs of endoscopic retrograde pancreatography, the left and right branch of the accessory pancreatic duct united in the pancreatic body. The mean diameter of the right branch was 0.88 +/- 0.14 mm at MP1, 0.72 +/- 0.2 mm at MP2 and 0.61 +/- 0.11 mm at MP3. The left branch had a diameter of 0.93 +/- 0.28 mm at MP1, 0.86 +/- 0.21 at MP2, and 0.6 +/- 0.07 mm at MP3. The mean length was 81.6 +/- 14.3 mm for the right and 107.0 +/- 24.9mm for the left branch. In left lateral radiographs of endoscopic retrograde pancreatography, it was not possible to differentiate the left from the right branch. Both branches ran nearly parallel and showed similar diameters but slight differences in length. The study proves that endosopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography is possible in dogs. Radiographs taken from dogs in dorsal recumbency allow an objective assessment of the common bile duct and the accessory pancreatic duct.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…The length of the branches of the accessory pancreatic duct in Beagles was shorter than the pancreatic duct in humans 44,45 . However, it is to be expected that larger dog breeds also have longer pancreatic ducts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio‐pancreatography in Healthy Beagles

Spillmann

Happonen

Kähkönen

et al. 2005

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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“…Sivak and Sullivan [10]and Ansel [11]reported that the large inferior unpaired branch from the MPD was found in the head of the gland in 55.5% of the examinations. The short-type APD joins the MPD near its first inferior branch and is less likely to possess a long inferior branch from the APD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embryology of the Pancreatic Duct System

Kamisawa

Koike²,

Okamoto³

1999

Digestion

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Background/Aims: It has been suggested that the distal portion of the dorsal pancreatic duct and the ventral pancreatic duct usually merge into the main pancreatic duct, and the proximal portion of the dorsal pancreatic duct becomes the accessory pancreatic duct. In this study, we investigated the embryology of the accessory pancreatic duct roentgenographically and immunohistochemically. Methods/Results: The accessory pancreatic duct shows two different patterns in pancreatograms: the long and the short type. The accessory pancreatic duct of the long type forms a straight line and joins the main pancreatic duct at the neck portion of the pancreas. The accessory pancreatic duct of the short type joins the main pancreatic duct near its first inferior branch. Long inferior branches from the accessory pancreatic duct were found in 74.6% with the long type, significantly more often than in the short type (29.3%). Patency of the long type was (74.5%) significantly greater than in the short type (36.2%). Immunohistochemically, we found the main pancreatic duct between the junction with the accessory pancreatic duct and the neck portion of the autopsy pancreas in the short type was located within the ventral pancreas, characterized by pancreatic polypeptide-rich islets. Conclusion: The long type represents a continuation of the main duct of the dorsal primordium. The short type is very likely formed by the proximal main duct of the dorsal primordium and its long inferior branch, with the main duct of the dorsal primordium at the point of connection with the main duct of the ventral primordium being obliterated and replaced by this additional communication.

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“…ERCP development has contributed much to the diagnosis of biliary and pancreatic diseases and, more importantly, to the study of anatomical morphology and structure which were previously dependent on autopsy and surgery. Normally, the morphology and size of the pancreatic duct and duodenal papilla of each person are different, and accordingly, many diagnostic references have been reported by many researchers on normal pancreatography 3 , 4 , 6 , 7 ) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Normal Endoscopic Pancreatogram in Koreans

Kang

Chung

Moon

et al. 1989

Korean J Intern Med

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The establishment of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) as a valuable procedure in diagnostic evaluation of patients with suspected pancreatic disease requires the precise delineation of normal pancreatography. Therefore, to establish normal standards in Koreans of pancreatic ductal morphology, such as course, diameter and length including the shape of the ampulla and the success rate of the ERCP procedure, we analyzed the pancreatograms of persons with proven normal pancreatic status. Of the 449 cases showing normal duodenal papilla, the hemispherical type of shape (49.7%) was the most common, followed by the papillary type (36.5 %) and flat type (13.8%) in order of frequency. The success rate of ERCP procedure (1,020 cases) was 95.3%, and the selective success rate was 90.9% for the panceatic duct and 79.3% for the biliary tree. In the course of the pancreatic duct (286 cases), the ascending type of extension (51.7%) was the most common followed by the sigmoid type (25.2%), horizontal type (22.4%) and descending type (0.7%). The diameter of the pancreatic duct was 3.3 ± 0.8mm in the head, 2.4 ± 0.5mm in the body and 1.5 ± 0.5mm in the tail portion, and there was a tendency that the diameter of the pancreatic duct progressively increased with age. The length of the pancreatic duct was 17.5 ± 2.8cm. In conclusion we hope that, by utilizing these various parameters of the normal endoscopic retrograde pancreatogram, precise diagnosis will be possible.

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Endoscopic retrograde pancreatography

Cited by 44 publications

References 28 publications

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio‐pancreatography in Healthy Beagles

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio‐pancreatography in Healthy Beagles

Embryology of the Pancreatic Duct System

The Normal Endoscopic Pancreatogram in Koreans

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