Endoscopic placement of permanent indwelling transmural stents in disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome: does benefit outweigh the risks?

Resolving external pancreatic fistulas in patients with disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome: using rendezvous techniques to avoid surgery (with video)

“…39 In a case series of 22 patients with WOPN and DPDS from the United States, 3 recurrent symptomatic PFCs were encountered, all due to spontaneous stent migration at a median follow-up of 34 months. 40 No infections were encountered in the patients with indwelling stents as was seen in our series as well. Infected PFCs developed only when there was loss of one or both transmural stents, with or without stent fragmentation.…”

Safety and Efficacy of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Drainage of Pancreatic Fluid Collections With Lumen-Apposing Covered Self-Expanding Metal Stents

“…9 The median rates of endoscopic PFC drainage for technical success, PFC resolution, complications, and recurrence associated with transmural pseudocyst drainage were 93.8%, 87.5%, 16.9%, and 7.5%, respectively. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Under endoscopic ultrasound guidance, the clinical success rate for pancreatic fluid collection drainage was 89.14%, with a complication rate of 10.7% (range, 0%-26.3%). 19 The endoscopic transmural drainage procedure involves the following 3 main steps: (1) accessing the pseudocyst by creating a tract, (2) tract dilation, and (3) placing a drainage device.…”

“…25 Fully covered, self-expanding biliary metal stents offer a larger-diameter lumen for a more efficient and shorter duration of drainage and longer patency. 10,13 However, they are tubular and may migrate, 3 resulting in inefficient drainage, content leakage, retrieval and replacement of migrated stent, and possible mucosal injury.…”

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided pancreatic pseudocyst drainage with lumen-apposing metal stents or plastic double-pigtail stents: A multifactorial analysis

“…Migration is a common complication of drainage therapy [36][37][38][39] There are two directions of migration, inside and outside the pseudocyst. Early migration outside the cyst will cause incomplete drainage and may need reintervention.…”