Endoscopic Evaluation and Treatment of Groin Pain in the Athlete

Kluin, Jolanda; Hoed, P.T. den; Linschoten, Robbart van; IJzerman, John; Steensel, Cornelis J van

doi:10.1177/0363546503259299

Cited by 97 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…40,52,59,75 The higher reported incidence of this condition in males versus females 4,37,46,52,61 may be explained by a greater level of participation in highly competitive sports and/or gender differences in pelvic anatomy. 58 Further evaluation of female athletes often reveals a gynecological source to their symptoms, including endometriosis and ovarian cysts.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…58 Further evaluation of female athletes often reveals a gynecological source to their symptoms, including endometriosis and ovarian cysts. 1,46,58,61 The hallmark symptom of athletic pubalgia is a complaint of "deep" groin or lower abdominal pain with exertion 40,58,80 that is relieved with rest but returns upon resumption of sport-related activities. 22,39,58,80 The groin pain is described as deeper, more proximal, and more intense than an adductor or iliopsoas strain.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Many studies report MRI has limited ability to diagnose a sports hernia and is beneficial only to rule out alternative diagnoses. 46,49,63,80 A few recent studies suggest that MRI can detect some musculofascial deficiencies associated with a sports hernia, including attenuation of the abdominal wall. 4,75 Medically invasive procedures, including laparoscopy and herniography, can aid the diagnosis of a sports hernia.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The advantage of the endoscope is that a sports hernia can be successfully diagnosed and subsequently repaired in the same session. 23,46 Herniography, a radiographic examination utilizing a contrast medium, may have diagnostic value but is controversial and not commonly performed in the United States. 43,46,53,75 Ultrasound has been recently advocated as a tool to diagnose a sports hernia, but its use is presently limited.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…23,46 Herniography, a radiographic examination utilizing a contrast medium, may have diagnostic value but is controversial and not commonly performed in the United States. 43,46,53,75 Ultrasound has been recently advocated as a tool to diagnose a sports hernia, but its use is presently limited. 32,46,63,75,80 Six to eight weeks of physical therapy rehabilitation is often advocated as the first course of intervention in the treatment of athletic pubalgia, 22,53 although the very limited evidence available does not support the effectiveness of conservative care.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Proposed Algorithm for the Management of Athletes With Athletic Pubalgia (Sports Hernia): A Case Series

Kachingwe¹,

Grech²

2008

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther

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Proposed Algorithm for the Management of Athletes With Athletic Pubalgia (Sports Hernia): A Case Series

Kachingwe¹,

Grech²

2008

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther

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Groin Pain Syndrome Known as Sports Hernia

2020

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he incidence of groin pain among athletes is estimated to be from 2% to 20%; however, the incidence in the general population is unknown. Groin hernias and hip joint pathologic findings are common and often considered; once ruled out by physical examination with or without imaging, the differential diagnoses and workup of groin pain is confounding to many practitioners. This ambiguous nature of nonhernia, nonhip groin pain is understandable because routine physical examination often only reveals groin tenderness, and imaging may or may not have abnormalities. Most of the literature written about the subject are case series or opinions. Many of these case series only involve professional male athletes, and the reported end points are often: return to sport, time to return to sport, or level of sport. Thus, the level of evidence of the studies is low quality, and the findings may not be applicable to the general population. In the past 2 decades, treating practitioners have attempted to better classify and describe the common pattern of symptoms, examination and imaging findings, and noted anatomic abnormalities at the time of operative management. Common lexicon is necessary so that meaningful comparisons can be made. 1 The literature search for this narrative review is highlighted in the eFigure in the Supplement.Various nomenclature has been used for nonhernia, nonhip groin pain including athletic pubalgia, sports hernia, core muscle injury, Gilmore groin, sportsman groin, inguinal disruption, and several others. [2][3][4][5] Inclusion of the word hernia in the jargon is misrepresentative. We prefer the broad but descriptive term groin pain syndrome.

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