“…90 Proposed treatments for these refractory strictures have included topical or intralesional mitomycin C, esophageal stents, home self-dilations using Maloney bouginage, and even through regional or free flap tissue reconstruction. 60,61,81,90,91 Self-expanding metal stents (SEMSs) are normally reserved for palliative treatment in the case of advanced esophageal cancers causing malignant stricture. However, SEMS have also been employed for the treatment of benign refractory strictures.…”