Endoscopic diagnosis of gastric metastases from malignant melanoma: systematic review

Abstract

Background/Aims: Metastases of malignant melanoma (MM) are rare and associated with poor prognosis. The objective of this study was to analyze the clinical and endoscopic characteristics of MM gastric metastases by systematically reviewing cases and case series involving patients diagnosed using upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Methods: The PubMed and LILACS databases were searched. Reports containing individual patient data were included. Outcomes such as clinical data, endoscopic findings, treatments, and survival were analyzed. Results: A total of 88 studies with individual data from 113 patients with gastric metastases of MM were included. The primary sites of MM were the skin (62%), eyes (10%), and mucous membranes (6%). Most patients (56%) had multiple metastases in the stomach, located predominantly in the gastric body (approximately 80%). The overall survival at 2 years was 4%. There was a significant reduction in the survival of patients with multiple gastric metastases compared to that of patients with single metastasis (HR, 0.459; 95% CI, 0.235−0.895; p=0.022). Conclusions: MM gastric metastases have a poor prognosis, especially in patients with multiple implants in the stomach. Additional studies are needed to verify whether ocular and mucosal melanomas are associated with a higher risk of gastric metastases than that of cutaneous melanomas.

A Rare Case of Gastric Metastasis from a Rare Case of Mucosal Malignant Melanoma

“…Patients who have only one distant metastatic site experience markedly better outcomes compared to those with two or more distant sites of metastasis [9]. Primary mucosal melanomas pose a higher risk of spreading to the stomach, with a prevalence rate of 6.2% [10].…”

Sangrado de tubo digestivo como manifestación de melanoma metastásico

“…En estómago suelen presentarse con náuseas, vómitos, sangrado y pérdida de peso; en la TC puede observarse nódulos murales o masas con o sin cavitación 1 . En endoscopia suelen encontrarse mayormente en curvatura mayor, cuerpo y fondo; puede presentarse como lesiones hiperpigmentadas con ulceración en su centro, tumores submucosos, elevados y ulcerados, o como masas con necrosis y melanosis 5 . En intestino delgado se presenta en el 51-71%, suele afectar principalmente yeyuno e íleon terminal; se presenta con dolor abdominal vago, pérdida de peso, anemia por deficiencia de hierro, cambio de patrón evacuatorio y sangrado.…”

Case report: Malignant melanoma of the lower limb with gastric metastasis

“…metastases often delay the diagnosis due to the lack of specific symptoms and signs, and most MM transferred to the stomach is detected at autopsy (5). Reggiani et al (2) found that 56% of MM had gastrointestinal metastasis, so gastrointestinal metastasis of MM needs great attention. We present this 60-yearold woman with MM to remind us that we need to pay attention to MM with gastric metastasis in clinical work and reduce unnecessary medical disputes.…”

“…Malignant melanoma (MM) is a common malignant tumor in the limbs, which is highly invasive, often occurs as metastatic cancer, and has a very poor prognosis ( 1 ). A study shows that the overall survival rate at 2 years was only 4% ( 2 ). The common metastatic sites of MM are the inguinal, lungs, liver, and brain, which can also metastasize to the gastrointestinal tract ( 3 ).…”

“…Reggiani et al. ( 2 ) found that 56% of MM had gastrointestinal metastasis, so gastrointestinal metastasis of MM needs great attention. We present this 60-year-old woman with MM to remind us that we need to pay attention to MM with gastric metastasis in clinical work and reduce unnecessary medical disputes.…”