Endoscopic diagnosis of cervical esophageal heterotopic gastric mucosa with conventional and narrow-band images

Abstract

NBI endoscopy detects more cervical esophageal HGM than CI does. Fundic-type gastric mucosa constitutes the most common histology. One-fifth of patients have throat or dysphagic symptoms.

Cervical inlet patch: new insights into diagnosis and endoscopic therapy

“…NBI (figure 3) improves the detection of small lesions (54% vs 17%, p<0.0001 in a prospective study of 99 patients with CIP) 37. It is recommended to confidently rule out an inlet patch using virtual chromoendoscopy in light of this.…”

Equal detection rate of cervical heterotopic gastric mucosa in standard white light, high definition and narrow band imaging endoscopy

“…In fact, two recently published studies from Taiwan and United Kingdom recommend HD-NBI as the standard technique for examination of the proximal oesophagus. Astonishingly, low general prevalences of 6.5 % [11] and 1.9 % [6], respective-ly, were found. Cheng et al [11] found significantly more smallsized HGMs using NBI, but low prevalence was found using both HDWL endoscopy (4.7 %) and the NBI mode (8.3 %), while other Asian studies found considerably higher prevalences of 13.8 % [9] and 21.0 % [8], respectively.…”

“…Astonishingly, low general prevalences of 6.5 % [11] and 1.9 % [6], respective-ly, were found. Cheng et al [11] found significantly more smallsized HGMs using NBI, but low prevalence was found using both HDWL endoscopy (4.7 %) and the NBI mode (8.3 %), while other Asian studies found considerably higher prevalences of 13.8 % [9] and 21.0 % [8], respectively. Factors that might have influenced detection rates, such as examination time (especially under non-blinded conditions), dose and type of sedation, or setting, were not considered in the recent studies, so that a bias in the results is possible.…”

Heterotopic Gastric Mucosa of the Proximal Esophagus: An Under recognized Entity

“…The role of Hp in lammation in HGM is controversial; some studies in patients with a high frequency of bacteria [22,23] have shown a correlation between in lammation and the presence of H. pylori, but others [24,25] have not. Acid production and/or colonization of Hp in HGM patches can potentially lead to complications such as an esophageal ring, stenosis, ulcer, perforation or bleeding [26].…”