Endoscopic bronchial anatomy in the cat

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to define the endoscopic bronchial anatomy of the cat and to adapt these findings to the bronchoscopic nomenclature previously described for the dog by Amis and McKiernan (Amis TC, McKiernan BC (1986) Systematic identification of endobronchial anatomy during bronchoscopy in the dog. American Journal of Veterinary Research 47(12), 2649-2657). In this study, the normal endoscopic bronchial anatomy was identified based on analysis of 10 air-dried feline lungs, two euthanased and eight healthy anesthetized cats using either a rigid or a flexible endoscope. Endoscopic photographs were taken during the examinations in the anesthetized cats for a photographic atlas. Corrosion casts were made from the 10 air-dried lungs to confirm the anatomy identified by bronchoscopy. With the results of our findings a bronchoscopic map of the feline bronchial tree and a photographic bronchoscopic atlas of the healthy cat were made.

Interpretation of Multisegment Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Cats (1/2001–1/2011)

“…Altered airway deposition of particles might lead to differing inflammatory responses. The right lung is more aligned with the trachea than is the left, as the left lobar bronchus branches at a greater angle than the right . It is possible that inhaled particulate matter preferentially enters the right lung to trigger focal inflammation, although cell count and cytology from the left and right lung did not differ in some cases examined here (data not shown).…”

Effect of One‐Lung Ventilation With or Without Low‐Pressure Carbon Dioxide Insufflation on Cardiorespiratory Variables in Cats Undergoing Thoracoscopy

“…When attempts were made to slowly withdraw the EBB to obtain blockade of the right cranial lobe, the balloon would often prolapse into the trachea, resulting in respiratory obstruction and/or loss of OLV. This occurred because of the very cranial location of the right main stem bronchus, which can in some cats be located cranial to the carina . We therefore consider this an imperfect technique, which can be time‐consuming and frustrating.…”

“…This occurred because of the very cranial location of the right main stem bronchus, which can in some cats be located cranial to the carina. 27 We therefore consider this an imperfect technique, which can be time-consuming and frustrating. In cases where placement of the balloon on the left allowed cranial lung lobe ventilation, slow withdrawal of the blocker was usually successful in achieving blockade of the left cranial lobar bronchus without prolapsing into the trachea, although prolapse did occur during left-sided blockade in 1 cat.…”

Endoscopy

“…9-10) always borne in mind. 7,9 The airways should be evaluated for collapse, masses, compression, excessive mucus, purulent secretions, hemorrhage, mucosal erythema and irregularity, and foreign material. Both sides of the airways should be evaluated before collecting samples.…”