Endoscopic 3D Anatomy of the Middle Ear

Abstract

POSTERSspecific antibodies. ABRs on NMMII-A mutants were performed at various frequencies.Results: In WT mice, NMMII isoforms localize to the apical junction between hair and supporting cells. In eGFP-NMMII-A-or -B mice, NMMII isoform antibodies show a similar pattern of distribution, but are potentially expressed at different amounts. At the adhesion belt, the isoforms take on a "sarcomericlike" pattern. NMMII inhibition results in variability of hair cell shape. In NMMII-C KO mice, NMMII-A demonstrates a new distribution and NMMII-B is upregulated. ABRs reveal an absence of hearing loss in NMMII-A D1424N and R702C mutant mice compared to controls.Conclusion: NMMII has a previously unrecognized "sarcomericlike" pattern of organization, compatible with a contractile structure. Absence of hearing loss in NMMII-A mutants indicates that hearing loss may require a secondary insult, and isoforms have potential for compensation and overlap in function, which may also mitigate hearing loss. Method: The 3D Cone-beam CT images of the 12 patients with Ménière diseases who underwent an endolymphatic mastoid shunt operation between 2008 and 2011 were obtained at our hospital. We assessed location, size, and shape of the ELS. The results of preoperative assessments were compared with the operational findings. Otology/NeurotologyResults: First we present clear and sharp 3D pictures of ELS and the semicircular canal using volume rendering incomparable to conventional CT. In 11 patients, the ELS was located exactly along the Donaldson line. In one patient, it was located inferiorly to the line. Size of the ELS was moderate in 6 patients, small in 5, and exceedingly small in 1. Cross section of the sac was circular in 3 patients, oval and flat in 8, and unverified in 1 because the size was too small. The above findings agree with the operational findings closely. Conclusion:In 3D Cone-beam CT, we could get more informative and better quality images than in conventional CT. Thanks to the preoperative realistic 3D images of ELS and the semicircular canal, we could perform the sac operation more safely and easily. Imaging information thus obtained may help deepen the understanding of Ménière's disease. Otology/Neurotology Method:We conducted an endoscopic dissection of 5 human temporal bones. The dissections were performed using traditional ear surgery instruments and sinonasal endoscopes. Two different endoscopic pictures of the same anatomical image were taken and merged using a computer program to generate stereoscopic anaglyphic images. Results:We were able to generate excellent quality stereoscopic 3D endoscopic images of the anatomy of the middle ear. Conclusion:Endoscopic middle ear surgery is becoming more popular. However there are still several limitations, such as the lack of specialized instruments and anatomical studies. We got excellent 3D pictures of the endoscopic anatomy of the middle ear, which can be used to help guide surgeons during procedures. Otology/Neurotology Enlarged Vestibular Aqueducts from Autosomal R...

Endoscopy on Otology - In Retrospect and Prospects

“…It is said that monocular vision of endoscope is associated with inferior depth perception as compared to a microscopic vision. 12,14 Meticulous haemostasis is essential in endoscopic ear surgery as a drop of blood can obscure the field. 13 Accidental patient movement if occurs during endoscopic surgery under local anaesthesia there can be secondary direct trauma by the tip of the endoscope to external auditory canal, middle ear, ossicles, dura, facial nerve etc.…”