Endopolyploidy in Plants and its Analysis by Flow Cytometry

Barow, Martin; Jovtchev, Gabriele

doi:10.1002/9783527610921.ch15

Cited by 44 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…Because endopolyploidy (the occurrence of more than one nuclear ploidy within tissues) is common in Brassicaceae (Barow and Jovtchev, 2007), we hypothesized that these could be 4C somatic nuclei from pieces of the stamens passing through the 100 μm prefilter. In this case, 2C somatic nuclei could also be present, inflating the unreduced gamete estimate.…”

Section: Unreduced Gamete Estimation and Correctionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and environmental determinants of unreduced gamete production in Brassica napus, Sinapis arvensis and their hybrids

2016

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Unreduced gametes, sperm or egg cells with the somatic chromosome number, are an important mechanism of polyploid formation and gene flow between heteroploid plants. The meiotic processes leading to unreduced gamete formation are well documented, but the relative influence of environmental and genetic factors on the frequency of unreduced gametes remain largely untested. Furthermore, direct estimates of unreduced gametes based on DNA content are technically challenging and, hence, uncommon. Here, we use flow cytometry to measure the contribution of genetic (hybridization) and environmental (nutrient limitation, wounding) changes to unreduced male gamete production in Brassica napus, Sinapis arvensis and two hybrid lines. Treatments were applied to greenhouse grown plants in a random factorial design, with pollen sampled at two time intervals. Overall, the frequency of unreduced gametes averaged 0.59% (range 0.06-2.17%), plus a single outlier with 27%. Backcrossed hybrids had 39 to 75% higher unreduced gamete production than parental genotypes, averaged across all treatments, although the statistical significance of these differences depended on sampling period and wounding treatment. Unreduced gamete frequencies were higher for the second sampling period than the first. There were no direct effects of wounding or nutrient regime. Our results indicate that both genetic and environmental factors can induce increased unreduced gametes, highlighting the potential importance of environmental heterogeneity and genetic composition of populations in driving polyploid evolution.

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Section: Unreduced Gamete Estimation and Correctionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and environmental determinants of unreduced gamete production in Brassica napus, Sinapis arvensis and their hybrids

2016

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“…It was observed to occur in species as a way to accelerate growth and was noted to be more frequent in annual and biennial herbs than perennials and absent in woody species. More recently, Barow and Jovtchev [19] reviewed the occurrence of endopolyploidy across angiosperms and listed 18 families (eight monocots and 10 eudicots) with predominantly endopolyploid species and ten families (three monocots and seven eudicots) with predominantly nonendopolyploid species.…”

Section: Endopolyploidymentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome Size Dynamics and Evolution in Monocots

et al. 2010

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Monocot genomic diversity includes striking variation at many levels. This paper compares various genomic characters (e.g., range of chromosome numbers and ploidy levels, occurrence of endopolyploidy, GC content, chromosome packaging and organization, genome size) between monocots and the remaining angiosperms to discern just how distinctive monocot genomes are. One of the most notable features of monocots is their wide range and diversity of genome sizes, including the species with the largest genome so far reported in plants. This genomic character is analysed in greater detail, within a phylogenetic context. By surveying available genome size and chromosome data it is apparent that different monocot orders follow distinctive modes of genome size and chromosome evolution. Further insights into genome size-evolution and dynamics were obtained using statistical modelling approaches to reconstruct the ancestral genome size at key nodes across the monocot phylogenetic tree. Such approaches reveal that while the ancestral genome size of all monocots was small (1C = 1.9 pg), there have been several major increases and decreases during monocot evolution. In addition, notable increases in the rates of genome size-evolution were found in Asparagales and Poales compared with other monocot lineages.

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“…From the 1990s onwards, in vitro chromosome doubling was an established method in plant tissue culture. Sometimes spontaneous chromosome doubling is reported as a side effect of in vitro multiplication (Barow and Jovtchev 2007;Chen et al 2009;Jelenic et al 2001;Meyer et al 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitotic chromosome doubling of plant tissues in vitro

Dhooghe¹,

Laere²,

Eeckhaut³

et al. 2010

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

353

258

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In vitro chromosome doubling can be induced by several antimitotic agents. The most commonly used are colchicine, oryzalin and trifluralin. The process of induced chromosome doubling in vitro consists of a typical succession of sub-processes, including an induction phase and a confirmation protocol to measure the rate of success. The induction step depends on a large number of variables: media, antimitotic agents, explant types, exposure times and concentrations. Flow cytometry is the pre-eminent method for evaluation of the induced polyploidization. However, alternative confirmation methods, such as chromosome counts and morphological observations, are also used. Since polyploidization has many consequences for plant growth and development, chromosome doubling has been intensively studied over the years and has found its way to several applications in plant breeding. This review gives an overview of the common methods of chromosome doubling in vitro, the history of the technique, and progress made over the years. The applications of chromosome doubling in a broader context are also discussed.

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Endopolyploidy in Plants and its Analysis by Flow Cytometry

Cited by 44 publications

References 118 publications

Genetic and environmental determinants of unreduced gamete production in Brassica napus, Sinapis arvensis and their hybrids

Genetic and environmental determinants of unreduced gamete production in Brassica napus, Sinapis arvensis and their hybrids

Genome Size Dynamics and Evolution in Monocots

Mitotic chromosome doubling of plant tissues in vitro

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