Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Reactive Oxygen Species in Plants

Abstract

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a key compartment responsible for protein processing and folding, and it also participates in many signal transduction and metabolic processes. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important signaling messengers involved in the redox equilibrium and stress response. A number of abiotic and biotic stresses can trigger the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins and lead to ER stress. In recent years, a number of studies have reported that redox metabolism and ROS are closely related to ER stress. ER stress can benefit ROS generation and even cause oxidative burden in plants, finally leading to oxidative stress depending on the degree of ER stress. Moreover, ER stress activates nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase-mediated ROS signaling, increases antioxidant defense mechanisms, and alters the glutathione (GSH) redox state. Meanwhile, the accumulation of ROS plays a special role in inducing the ER stress response. Given these factors, plants have evolved a series of complex regulatory mechanisms to interact with ROS in response to ER stress. In this review, we summarize the perceptions and responses of plant ER stress and oxidative protein folding in the ER. In addition, we analyze the production and signaling of ROS under ER stress in detail in order to provide a theoretical basis for reducing ER stress to improve the crop survival rate in agricultural applications.

Investigating the effects of tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) in mitigating endoplasmic reticulum stress and cellular responses in Pak choi

“…Subsequently, in plants, the generation of ROS is the most common response under stress (Gill and Tuteja 2010). The ROS are important signalling messengers involved in the redox equilibrium and stress response (Cao et al 2022). Over‐accumulation of ROS in plant cells may activate apoptosis‐inducing factors and can result in PCD (Gechev et al 2006; Hwang et al 2014).…”

The Alfin-like transcription factor GmAlfin09 regulates endoplasmic reticulum stress in soybean via a peroxidase GmPRDX6

“…In rice, the activated OsbZIP39, OsbZIP60, and OsbZIP50 proteins induce the expression of ER quality control (ERQC)-related proteins including the chaperone BiP9 (Hayashi et al, 2012). OPAQUE3 encodes a transmembrane bZIP transcription factor in rice that is involved in endosperm storage protein and starch biosynthesis (Cao et al, 2022), while the membrane-associated transcription factor bZIP28 detaches from the membrane and translocates to the nucleus to coordinate the unfolded protein response (UPR) (Sun et al, 2015). AtbZIP60 encodes a 295 amino acid protein with a predicted C-terminal transmembrane as well as a bZIP domain.…”

“…ROS accumulation also plays a role in promoting ER stress response induction, suggesting a series of feedback mechanisms supported by evidence in Arabidopsis that ER stress can directly control ROS signaling, redox status, and antioxidant defense mechanisms (Ozgur et al, 2014). Plants have evolved a range of mechanisms to regulate ROS production and activity in response to ER stress conditions (Cao et al, 2022). When ER stress is not effectively reversed, however, this can irreversibly damage affected plants.…”

Comparative transcriptome analysis of the mechanism difference in heat stress response between indica rice cultivar “IR64” and japonica cultivar “Koshihikari” at the seedling stage

“…Both ER and mitochondria are associated with the HS tolerance in plants. The accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins due to HS can activate ER stress, which in turn affects redox metabolism and ROS production (Cao et al, 2022). Mitochondria-mediated lipid homeostasis is a buffer for maintaining flower development in rice under HS (Zhang et al, 2016).…”