Endophytic Fungi of Manilkara bidentata Leaves in Puerto Rico

Lodge, D. Jean; Fisher, P.J.; Sutton, B. C.

doi:10.2307/3760967

Cited by 133 publications

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“…The endophyte assemblages of all previous studies on palms have been dominated by xylariaceous taxa (Rodrigues & Samuels, 1990 ;Rodrigues, 1994 ;Fro$ hlich, 1997), whereas the proportion of xylariaceous taxa in this study was 3% of the total isolates. A trend towards higher proportions of xylariaceous fungi in endophyte assemblages from tropical compared with temperate hosts has previously been noted (Pereira et al, 1993 ;Petrini et al, 1995 ;Lodge et al, 1996 ;Fro$ hlich, 1997). This difference in the composition of the endophyte assemblages appears to be a climatic affect, as when the host Gynoxis oleifolia from Ecuador, was sampled within tropical latitudes, but in temperate habitats (i.e.…”

Section: Composition Of Endophytic Assemblagementioning

confidence: 85%

“…Fro$ hlich (1997) reported that hyphomycetes, and in particular xylariaceous anamorphs, were more common in the blades of fronds (leaves), whereas the coelomycetes dominate the petioles. This is also the case in the tropical host Manilkara bidenata (Sapotaceae) (Lodge et al, 1996) where, 90% of all of the xylariaceous taxa were recorded in leaf tissues. Other studies in temperate habitats which report xylariaceous taxa in low proportions such as in Q. ilex (Fisher et al, 1994) and Gynoxis oleifolia (Fisher et al, 1995), also indicate that they occur predominantly in leaf tissues.…”

Section: Tissue Specificitymentioning

confidence: 94%

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Endophytic fungi associated with the temperate palm, Trachycarpus fortunei, within and outside its natural geographic range

1999

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Fungal endophytes associated with the palm, Trachycarpus fortunei, within and outside its natural geographic range were investigated. Endophytes were relatively common with colonization rates of 23-57% at the four sites sampled. The endophyte assemblages at the different sites were diverse with 75 fertile species of ascomycetes and mitosporic fungi. The assemblage composition at each site was similar and between seven and 13 species comprised 81-89% of the taxa present in relative frequencies of 1%. Glomerella cingulata and Phomopsis spp., were consistently dominant, and a large number of rare species were recorded. The diversity at each site was similar in number, but the abundance of isolates varied. The results obtained were comparable to those of previous studies of palm endophyte assemblages, but the assemblages showed more affinity with unrelated temperate hosts than with tropical palm hosts. Quantitative and qualitative differences in endophyte assemblages from old and young tissues were observed, and more isolates were recovered from old tissues independent of the age of the palm. The composition of the assemblage varied with several taxa being exclusively or more commonly isolated from old tissues (e.g. xylariaceous taxa, Oxydothis sp. nov.) or young tissues (e.g. Stagonospora spp., Phoma multirostrata). Some differences in the composition of the assemblage and in relative frequencies of various species were observed in trees and saplings. Significantly more isolates were recovered from the vein than intervein tissues, independent of leaf age or tree age. Tissue specificity was not exhibited by any taxa isolated from either leaf or petiole tissues, except for xylariaceous taxa in leaf tissues. Some other taxa showed a preference for leaf tissues or petioles, whereas others were equally distributed amongst all tissues. Endophyte assemblages of palms from continuous distributions were similar, but those from disjunct distributions (i.e. outside the natural geographic range of the palm, such as Australia and Switzerland), differed significantly from each other and from assemblages within continuous distributions. The relative importance values of endophyte species at the two sites in China indicates the sitespecific nature of the endophyte assemblages. Most previous studies on the endophytes of palm hosts have concentrated on tropical palms. However, this study examines the endophytes of the warm temperate palm Trachycarpus fortunei, and investigates the relative importance of host and climate related processes.

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Section: Composition Of Endophytic Assemblagementioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Tissue Specificitymentioning

confidence: 94%

Endophytic fungi associated with the temperate palm, Trachycarpus fortunei, within and outside its natural geographic range

1999

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“…Phomopsis species have often been isolated as endophytes from palm L. chinensis with high frequencies in Hong Kong in this study and in Bermuda (Southcott & Johnson, 1997). In addition, Phomopsis species have frequently been isolated as endophytic fungi from other palms (Rodrigues & Samuels, 1990 ;Taylor et al, 1999 ;Fro$ hlich et al, 2000) and other plant hosts (Carroll & Petrini, 1983 ;Espinosa-Garcia & Langenheim, 1990 ;Lodge et al, 1996 ;Brown et al, 1998). The results of the phylogenetic analysis and sequence comparison strongly suggest that MS704 belonged to the genus Diaporthe Nitschke and its anamorph Phomopsis (Sacc.)…”

Section: Taxonomic Placement Of Ms704mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several endophyte studies have also recently been undertaken on tropical hosts (Pereira et al, 1993 ;Fisher et al, 1995 ;Lodge et al, 1996 ;Umali et al, 1999), including palms (Rodrigues & Samuels, 1990 ;Rodrigues, 1994 ;Southcott & Johnson, 1997 ;Fro$ hlich et al, 2000). In any study on endophytes it is important that authors define the understanding of the term.…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Xylariaceous fungi, as endophytic fungi, have most frequently been isolated in the previous studies of palms (Rodrigues & Samuels, 1990 ;Rodrigues, 1994 ;Rodrigues & Petrini, 1997 ;Fro$ hlich et al, 2000) and other plant hosts in tropical regions (Dreyfuss & Petrini, 1984 ;Pereira et al, 1993 ;Fisher et al, 1995 ;Lodge et al, 1996). Xylariaceous species made up 13 of the 21 dominant taxa isolated from the Amazonian palm Euterpe oleracea in tropical Brazil (Rodrigues, 1994) and Xylaria cubensis (Mont.)…”

Section: Taxonomic Placement Of the Other 15 Morphospeciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of endophytic fungi from Livistona chinensis based on morphology and rDNA sequences

2000

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A survey of the endophytic fungi in fronds of Livistona chinensis was carried out in Hong Kong. The endophyte assemblages identified using morphological characters consisted of 16 named species and 19 ' morphospecies ', the latter grouped based on cultural morphology and growth rates. Arrangement of taxa into morphospecies does not reflect species phylogeny, and therefore selected morphospecies were further identified based on ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence analysis. The 5n8S gene and flanking internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) regions of rDNA from 19 representative morphospecies were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis based on 5n8S gene sequences showed that these morphospecies were filamentous Ascomycota, belonging in the Loculoascomycetes and Pyrenomycetes. Further identification was conducted by means of sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis of both the ITS and 5n8S regions. Results showed that MS704 belonged to the genus Diaporthe and its anamorph Phomopsis of the Valsaceae. MS594 was inferred to be Mycosphaerella and its anamorph Cladosporium of the Mycosphaerellaceae. MS339, MS366, MS370, MS395, MS1033, MS1083 and MS1092 were placed in the genus Xylaria of the Xylariaceae. MS194, MS375 and MS1028 were close to the Clypeosphaeriaceae. MS191 and MS316 were closely related to the Pleosporaceae within the Dothideales. The other 5 morphospecies, MS786, MS1043, MS1065, MS1076 and MS1095, probably belong in the Xylariales. The value of using DNA sequence analysis in the identification of endophytes is discussed.

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Fungal endophytes of Spondias mombin leaves in Brazil

Rodrigues

Samuels

1999

J. Basic Microbiol.

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Endophytic fungi were isolated from symptomless leaf blades and the rachis of Spondias mombin (Anacardiaceae) collected in Pará and Rio de Janeiro states of Brazil. A total of 822 and 690 isolates were obtained from leaves and rachises, respectively. Of the 13 taxa isolated from the two sites examined, only three, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Guignardia sp., and Phomopsis sp., were recovered from the rachis. An unidentified Guignardia species was the dominant species with high overall frequency of isolation in leaf blades and rachis at both sites. An unidentified Phomopsis species was the second mostly common isolated species, significantly showing preference in colonizing the rachis tissues.This research is part of a study on the occurrence of endophytic fungi in medicinal plants commonly used as folk medicines in Brazil. Spondias mombin L. (Anacardiaceae; common name: cajazeira) is a facultatively deciduous tree, ranging from 20 to 25 m high, with compound leaves comprising 5-to 9 pairs of opposite leaflets, averaging 14 cm long. It is a commonly found species throughout the Neotropics, with higher diversity in the western Amazon and Atlantic forests. It has become an economically important tree especially in the Amazon and Northeastern regions in Brazil because of its edible fruits. Additionally, the recent isolation of medically important compounds from leaves of S. mombin (CORTHOUT et al. 1991) has contributed to increasing research on the chemistry of its natural products. Because endophytic fungi have recently been recognized as potential sources of novel secondary metabolites that could be exploited commercially , MONAGHAN et al. 1995, CRAGG et al. 1997), a research program directed towards the isolation of endophytic fungi for biological activities is being carried out at FIOCRUZ.The diversity of endophyte taxa detected from plants growing in tropical regions, and the potential role and use of these fungi have been discussed by RODRIGUES and PETRINI (1997). Many of the investigations on endophytic fungi have shown that an array of biotic and abiotic factors may influence the composition of fungal assemblages (STONE and PETRINI 1997). For instance, a fungal preference in colonizing a given plant tissue has been demonstrated (FISHER et al. 1992, 1994 a, b, RODRIGUES 1994, as commonly isolated taxa have consistently show differences in frequency among organs. PETRINI (1996) has discussed organ and tissue specificity exhibited by endophytic fungi, as a result of the adaptation to different plant physiological conditions. The present study aims to identify the fungal assemblages from leaves and rachis segments of Spondias mombin collected at two different sites in Brazil. Materials and methodsSampling and fungal isolation: Endophytes were isolated from the leaf blades and rachis segments of four mature trees of S. mombin in January 1995 at two geographically distant sites, which are separated by approximately 2,000 km. Two trees (T1, T2) were sampled from a site situated in the

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Endophytic Fungi of Manilkara bidentata Leaves in Puerto Rico

Cited by 133 publications

References 0 publications

Endophytic fungi associated with the temperate palm, Trachycarpus fortunei, within and outside its natural geographic range

Endophytic fungi associated with the temperate palm, Trachycarpus fortunei, within and outside its natural geographic range

Identification of endophytic fungi from Livistona chinensis based on morphology and rDNA sequences

Fungal endophytes of Spondias mombin leaves in Brazil

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