Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Jasminum sambac L.: Identification, Histological Observation, and Content Analysis of Secondary Metabolites

Abstract

Jasminum Sambac L. plant, especially the flower used for ritual ceremony, i.e.: the wedding ceremony. Commonly medicinal plants have an interaction with endophytic fungi species that lived in their tissues, the interaction form is mutualism symbiotic. The research was done to: (1) identify the endophytic fungi species in the J. sambac flower petal, leaf, and twig tissues; (2) determine the position of endophytic fungi in the J. sambac flower petal, leaf, and twig tissues (3) analyze the contents of secondary metabolite produced by the endophytic fungi liquid cultures. The endophytic fungi mycelium position in the flower petal, leaf, and twig tissues was determined by microscopic observation. The flower petal, leaf, and twigs of J. sambac plant was taken for endophytic fungi isolation and determination their position by microscopic observation. These plant parts cut and inoculated on PDA plate medium. Each endophytic fungi species colonies that grow on PDA plate medium cut into 5x1 cm in size and inoculated in PDB medium, centrifugated and shooked at the speed of 120 rpm at 27 °C for a week. The supernatant use for content analysis of tannin, flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, and terpenoid. The research results are: (1) There are ten endophytic fungi species found in J. sambac tissues: Mycelia sterilia, Colletotrichum kahawae, Chaetomium reflexum, Colletotrichum alienum, Nigrospora gorlenkoawa, Nigrospora oryzae, Cladosporium allienum, Geotrichum candidium, Nigrospora musae, and Alternaria tennuis; (2) the position of endophytic fungi is on the flower petal epidermis cell wall, the leaf neighbor cell wall and stomata guard cell wall, and the twig epidermis and parenchyma cell wall; (3) The secondary metabolites contents of some endophytic fungi are tannin content ranged: 56,09-131,77 mg/kg; flavonoid content ranged: 904,06-1661,88 mg/kg; alkaloid content ranged: 27,34-56,37 mg/kg; terpenoid content ranged: 116,23-222,59 mg/kg; and saponin content ranged: 1, 05-5,63 mg/kg.