Endophytic Bacterial Communities of Ginkgo biloba Leaves During Leaf Developmental Period

Deng, Yan; Huang, Haonan; Lei, Fangmeng; Fu, Shaodong; Zou, Kai; Zhang, Shuangfei; Liu, Xueduan; Jiang, Luhua; Liu, Hongwei; Miao, Bo; Liang, Yili

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.698703

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…This difference might be because these microorganisms in Ginkgo leaves already live in an environment with high flavonoid content and have developed the resistance to flavonoids. Staphylococcus showed a significant negative correlation with T_flavonoid and kaempferol, the same as our previous study ( Deng et al, 2021 ). Thus, we indicated that flavonoids could affect the community’s composition and structure in Ginkgo leaves.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Flavonoids affect the endophytic bacterial community in Ginkgo biloba leaves with increasing altitude

Deng

Zou

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Altitude affects plant growth and metabolism, but the effect of altitude on plant endophytic microorganisms is still unclear. In this study, we selected 16 Ginkgo biloba trees to study the response of leaves’ endophytes to flavonoids and altitude (from 530 m to 1,310 m). HPLC results showed that flavonoids in Ginkgo biloba leaves increased by more than 150% with attitude rising from 530 m to 1,310 m, which revealed a positive correlation with altitude. Ginkgo biloba might regulate the increased flavonoids in leaves to resist the increasing light intensity. 16S rDNA sequencing results showed that the endophytic bacterial communities of Ginkgo biloba at different altitudes significantly differed. Ginkgo leaf endophytes’ alpha diversity decreased with increasing flavonoids content and altitude. The increased flavonoids might increase the environmental pressure on endophytes and affect the endophytic community in Ginkgo biloba leaves. The bacterial network in Ginkgo biloba leaves became more complex with increasing altitude, which might be one of the strategies of leaf endophytes to cope with increasing flavonoids. Metagenomes results predicted with PICRUSt showed that the abundance of flavonoid biosynthesis and photosynthesis genes were significantly decreased with the increase of flavonoid contents. High flavonoid content in leaves appeared to inhibit microbial flavonoid synthesis. Our findings indicate that altitude can modulate microbial community structure through regulating plant metabolites, which is important to uncovering the interaction of microbes, host and the environment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Flavonoids affect the endophytic bacterial community in Ginkgo biloba leaves with increasing altitude

Deng

Zou

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…Highly-diverse endophytic communities can greatly influence the metabolite composition of host plants [ 16 ]. Studies on Ginkgo biloba L. found that endophytic bacteria were significantly correlated with flavonoid concentration and composition.In particular, Staphylococcus was positively correlated with quercetin and variations in the abundance of Staphylococcus showed a strong correlation with flavonoid content [ 17 ]. Gallic acid is the main active component of Cynomorium songaricum and concentration was significantly correlated with most of the dominant endophytic fungi [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and correlation analysis of endophytes and metabolites of Panax quinquefolius L. in various tissues

Duan

Ran

et al. 2023

BMC Plant Biol

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Background Panax quinquefolius L. (American ginseng) is widely used in medicine due to its wealth of diverse pharmacological effects. Endophytes colonize within P. quinquefolius in multiple tissue types. However, the relationship between endophytes and the production of their active ingredients in different parts of the plant is not clear. Results In this study, the relationship of endophytic diversity and the metabolites produced in different plant tissues of P. quinquefolius were analyzed using metagenomic and metabolomic approaches. The results showed relatively similar endophyte composition in roots and fibrils, but obvious differences between endophyte populations in stems and leaves. Species abundance analysis showed that at the phylum level, the dominant bacterial phylum was Cyanobacteria for roots, fibrils, stems and leaves, Ascomycota forroots and fibrils roots, and Basidiomycota for stems and leaves. LC-MS/MS technology was used to quantitatively analyze the metabolites in different tissues of P. quinquefolius. A total of 398 metabolites and 294 differential metaboliteswere identified, mainly organic acids, sugars, amino acids, polyphenols, and saponins. Most of the differential metabolites were enriched in metabolic pathways such as phenylpropane biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, citric acid cycle, and amino acid biosynthesis. Correlation analysis showed a positive and negative correlation between the endophytes and the differential metabolites. Conexibacter significantly enriched in root and fibril was significantly positively correlated with saponin differential metabolites, while cyberlindnera significantly enriched in stem and leaf was significantly negatively correlated with differential metabolites (p < 0.05). Conclusion The endophytic communities diversity were relatively similar in the roots and fibrils of P. quinquefolius, while there were greater differences between the stems and leaves. There was significant difference in metabolite content between different tissues of P. quinquefolius. Correlation analysis methods demonstrated a correlation between endophytes and differential metabolism.

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“…The flavonoid biosynthesis in plants mainly originates from the metabolic pathway of phenylalanine ( Kazuki et al, 2013 ; Deng et al, 2021 ). Phenylalanine is catalyzed by phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PLA) key enzymes to produce cinnamic acid, coumaroyl acid, and caffeoyl acid, and then, they are further catalyzed by 4-coumaric acid CoA ligase (4CL) enzymes to produce a variety of phenylalanine deamination derivatives, including cinnamoyl-CoA, p-coumaroyl-CoA, caffeoyl-CoA, and feruloyl-CoA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The novel distribution of intracellular and extracellular flavonoids produced by Aspergillus sp. Gbtc 2, an endophytic fungus from Ginkgo biloba root

Zou

Liu

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Here, we reported a Ginkgo endophyte, Aspergillus sp. Gbtc 2, isolated from the root tissue. Its flavonoid biosynthesis pathway was reconstructed, the effect of phenylalanine on the production of flavonoids was explored, and the flavonoid metabolites were identified with the high-resolution Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). Some essential genes were annotated to form the upstream of the complete biosynthesis pathway, indicating that Aspergillus sp. Gbtc 2 has the ability to synthesize the C6–C3–C6 flavonoid monomers. HPLC results showed that adding an appropriate amount of phenylalanine could promote the production of flavonoids by Aspergillus Gbtc 2. LC–MS results depicted a significant difference in many flavonoids between intracellularly and extracellularly. Most of the flavonoids gathered in the cell contained glycosylation groups, while almost all components with multiple hydroxyls showed much higher concentrations extracellularly than intracellularly; they likely have different biological functions. A variety of these substances can be mapped back to the pathway pattern of flavonoid biosynthesis and prove the ability of flavonoid production once again. This study expanded the information on flavonoid biosynthesis in Aspergillus and provided a solid theoretical basis for developing the fungi into genetically engineered strains undertaking flavonoid industrialized production.

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Endophytic Bacterial Communities of Ginkgo biloba Leaves During Leaf Developmental Period

Cited by 16 publications

References 70 publications

Flavonoids affect the endophytic bacterial community in Ginkgo biloba leaves with increasing altitude

Flavonoids affect the endophytic bacterial community in Ginkgo biloba leaves with increasing altitude

Diversity and correlation analysis of endophytes and metabolites of Panax quinquefolius L. in various tissues

The novel distribution of intracellular and extracellular flavonoids produced by Aspergillus sp. Gbtc 2, an endophytic fungus from Ginkgo biloba root

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