Endophyte presence as a potential stressor on growth and survival in Antarctic macroalgal hosts

Schoenrock, Kathryn M.; Amsler, Charles D.; McClintock, James B.; Baker, Bill J.

doi:10.2216/13-188.1

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Macroalgae in subtidal areas of the western Antarctic Peninsula support very high densities of amphipod mesograzers (Richardson, 1971(Richardson, , 1977Huang et al, 2007;Aumack et al, 2011a) and a subsequent study confirmed that mesograzers associated with the chemically defended macroalgal species in the Antarctic subtidal do indeed ablate free-living filamentous algae, selecting for the endophytic habit . Worldwide, research on endophytemacroalgal symbioses has shown that endophytes have varied effects on their hosts (Potin, 2012;Schoenrock et al, 2013). In Antarctic macroalgae, high occurrence of endophyte presence throughout a host thallus has a negative impact on growth in three species and survival in one species of macroalgae, but no impact on another (Schoenrock et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Worldwide, research on endophytemacroalgal symbioses has shown that endophytes have varied effects on their hosts (Potin, 2012;Schoenrock et al, 2013). In Antarctic macroalgae, high occurrence of endophyte presence throughout a host thallus has a negative impact on growth in three species and survival in one species of macroalgae, but no impact on another (Schoenrock et al, 2013). This implies that pathogenicity of endophyte presence may be host or endophyte-specific, but few studies have examined these symbioses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A comprehensive study of Antarctic algal symbioses: minimal impacts of endophyte presence in most species of macroalgal hosts

Schoenrock

Amsler

McClintock

et al. 2015

European Journal of Phycology

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Many species of macroalgae along the western Antarctic Peninsula have a high coverage of filamentous algal endophytes. A previous field study showed that endophyte presence negatively impacts growth and survival in some Antarctic algae, but can have no impact on others. We examined nine species of common macroalgal hosts from the area surrounding Palmer Station, Antarctica, to examine fine-scale impacts of endophyte presence on host physiology. Physiological parameters were selected based on their potential to influence fitness of host algae. These included photosynthetic parameters, thallus toughness and susceptibility to grazers in those species previously known to be chemically defended. We found that few macroalgal hosts are impacted by the presence of endophytes and that these impacts are not consistent across all physiological parameters. Iridaea cordata and Pachymenia sp. were the only species among the nine examined that demonstrated physiological stress in the presence of endophytes. Out of four species in a previous study, I. cordata was also the most heavily impacted by endophyte presence.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive study of Antarctic algal symbioses: minimal impacts of endophyte presence in most species of macroalgal hosts

Schoenrock

Amsler

McClintock

et al. 2015

European Journal of Phycology

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“…In Iridaea cordata, endophytes are known to be pathogenic (Schoenrock et al 2013, in press), making any differential presence of endophytes and impacts on fitness important in the ecology of this species. Populations of I. cordata around Palmer Station are haploid dominated; fertilized gametophytes with cystocarps and sterile gametophytes (presumably both male and female) are more abundant than tetrasporophytes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Still, there is no pattern describing every species population (De Wreede and Green 1990). By coupling population demography with differential endophyte presence and impacts on fertility in the sexual life histories of I. cordata, we can infer how the known pathogenicity of these predominantly green endophytes (Schoenrock et al 2013, Schoenrock 2014) affects the fitness of populations along the western Antarctic Peninsula.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life history bias in endophyte infection of the Antarctic rhodophyte, Iridaea cordata

et al. 2015

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Endophytic organisms are known to have varied effects on their host organism in terrestrial and marine environments. In previous studies on marine algae, these symbioses range from innocuous to pathogenic depending on the host and endophyte species. The present study further assessed a pathogenic relationship between filamentous algal endophytes and a red algal host from the western Antarctic Peninsula. We analyzed endophyte presence (appearance of filamentous thalli) in the three life history stages of Iridaea cordata and potential impacts on fertility in the fertilized female gametophytes (carposporophytes) and tetrasporophytes. We found that endophytes proliferate throughout significantly more thallus area in tetrasporophyte and unfertilized gametophyte hosts than in carposporophyte hosts, but there was no correlation between endophyte cover and fertility in these individuals. This study also provides a demographic analysis of I. cordata populations surrounding Palmer Station, Antarctica, showing that these populations are haploid dominated (∼78% of individuals). The differential presence of filamentous algal endophytes indicates that endophyte pathogenicity indirectly has greater effect on tetrasporophytes and unfertilized gametophytes than on the carposporophytes, which house the products of sexual recombination.

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“…Host seaweeds, however, experience negative growth and reproduction and morphological changes through the infection of endophytes, which generally do not kill their hosts (Goff 1976, Callow et al 1979, Schoenrock et al 2013. There is little evidence of any mutual benefit among hosts and endophytes, and endophytes change host palatability or develop thallus toughness to inhibit the grazing activities of herbivores (Amsler et al 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New records of three endophytic green algae from Grateloupia spp. (Rhodophyta) in Korea

Kim¹,

Kim²,

Choi³

et al. 2014

ALGAE

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Endophytic green algae growing in fronds of Grateloupia spp. were examined for infection frequency from their field populations of Jeju, Wando, and Uljin, Korea in August and September 2013. Three endophytes were isolated in laboratory culture from a G. lanceolata thallus collected in Jeju. Unialgal cultures were made from the endophytes, and their morphological characteristics were observed with light microscopy. In addition, a phylogenetic analysis based on chloroplast-encoded elongation factor tufA gene sequences was performed to identify the G. lanceolata endophytes. Three filamentous green endophytic species, Ulvella leptochaete, Blastophysa rhizopus, and Bolbocoleon piliferum were reported for the first time in Korea. General biological information for the three endophytes was also described.Key Words: Blastophysa rhizopus; Bolbocoleon piliferum; endophytic algae; Grateloupia; Ulvella leptochaete INTRODUCTIONMicro-filamentous green algae grow on a variety of solid substrata such as wood, rock, pebbles, and plastic , Correa 1997. They also occur on or in other organisms, as epiphytes or endophytes that are mostly harmless, but a few algae have been reported to be pathogens of other algae , Correa 1997 or corals (Goldberg et al. 1984). Many filamentous algae live deeply embedded within tissues of larger algal hosts and this endophytic habit represents a type of symbiosis (Lewis 1973, Starr 1975, Goff 1982, Lewin 1982, Douglas and Smith 1989, Gauna and Parodi 2008. Some filamentous endophytes cause only minor changes in their hosts, whereas others are known to produce either degradative losses or tumoral lesions in their hosts (Andrews 1977, Garbary 1979, Yoshida and Akiyama 1979, O'Kelly and Yarish 1981, Nielsen and McLachlan 1986a, 1986b, Peters 1991, Brodie et al. 2007).The endophytic brown alga, Streblonema aecidioides causes tissue thickening in commercial Undaria sp. (Yoshida and Akiyama 1979), and Streblonema-like endophytes are known to produce galls in some algal hosts (Andrews 1977, Apt 1988). An economically important alga, Chondrus crispus shows severe lesions and cellular damage when infected by the green algae, Acrochaete operculata and A. heteroclada (Correa et al. 1988, Correa and McLachlan 1991, 1992. Similar lesions have also been described in Mazzaella laminarioides after infection with Endophyton ramosum , Sánchez et al. 1996. A field population of Laminaria hyperborea was heavily infected with endophytic algae, and infection changed the host morphology and commercial values (Lein et al. 1991).Received February 24, 2014, Accepted May 31, 2014 *Corresponding Author E-mail: kimys@kunsan.ac.kr Tel: This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 128were measured using Image J software, and the infection ratio was calculated. Grateloupia ...

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Endophyte presence as a potential stressor on growth and survival in Antarctic macroalgal hosts

Cited by 17 publications

References 18 publications

A comprehensive study of Antarctic algal symbioses: minimal impacts of endophyte presence in most species of macroalgal hosts

A comprehensive study of Antarctic algal symbioses: minimal impacts of endophyte presence in most species of macroalgal hosts

Life history bias in endophyte infection of the Antarctic rhodophyte, Iridaea cordata

New records of three endophytic green algae from Grateloupia spp. (Rhodophyta) in Korea

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