Endophyte-mediated disease resistance in wild populations of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne)

Wiewióra, Barbara; Żurek, Grzegorz; Żurek, Monika

doi:10.1016/j.funeco.2015.01.004

Cited by 51 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Since Shimanuki and Sato (1983) first found that endophytic Epichloë could significantly reduce damage caused by Blastocladia pringsheimii in Phleum pratense , at least 15 grass–endophyte symbioses have been studied in the context of resistance to pathogens ( Wiewióra et al, 2015 ; Xia et al, 2018 ). Most studies reported that Epichloë can improve the disease resistance of host, but several studies have found that endophytes have no effect on the disease resistance of the host or even have adverse effects ( Welty et al, 1993 ; Wäli et al, 2006 ; Pańka et al, 2013a ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous research focused on pathogens of different trophic types by using different grass– Epichloë symbioses. For necrotrophic pathogenic fungi, the beneficial effects of endophyte infection have been reported in many grass species ( Clarke et al, 2006 ; Ma et al, 2015 ; Wiewióra et al, 2015 ). For biotrophic pathogenic fungi, however, there are limited and varied results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Endophytic Fungi Activated Similar Defense Strategies of Achnatherum sibiricum Host to Different Trophic Types of Pathogens

et al. 2020

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It is well documented that Epichloë endophytes can enhance the resistance of grasses to herbivory. However, reports on resistance to pathogenic fungi are limited, and their conclusions are variable. In this study, we chose pathogenic fungi with different trophic types, namely, the biotrophic pathogen Erysiphales species and the necrotrophic pathogen Curvularia lunata, to test the effects of Epichloë on the pathogen resistance of Achnatherum sibiricum. The results showed that, compared to Erysiphales species, C. lunata caused a higher degree of damage and lower photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) in endophyte−free (E−) leaves. Endophytes significantly alleviated the damage caused by these two pathogens. The leaf damaged area and Fv/Fm of endophyte−infected (E+) leaves were similar between the two pathogen treatments, indicating that the beneficial effects of endophytes were more significant when hosts were exposed to C. lunata than when they were exposed to Erysiphales species. We found that A. sibiricum initiated jasmonic acid (JA)−related pathways to resist C. lunata but salicylic acid (SA)-related pathways to resist Erysiphales species. Endophytic fungi had no effect on the content of SA but increased the content of JA and total phenolic compounds, which suggest that endophyte infection might enhance the resistance of A. sibiricum to these two different trophic types of pathogens through similar pathways.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endophytic Fungi Activated Similar Defense Strategies of Achnatherum sibiricum Host to Different Trophic Types of Pathogens

et al. 2020

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“…F. oxysporum is a main pathogen of L. perenne and, accordingly, it was chosen to study biocontrol activity of the N 2 ‐fixing strains. When the fungus and the bacteria were in contact, strains C13, C16, and C17 inhibited significantly the mycelial growth of F. oxysporum , with percentages of inhibition of 66.7, 68.9, and 66.7%, respectively, after incubation for 12 days.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of N₂‐fixing rhizobacteria from Lolium perenne and evaluating their plant growth promoting traits

Castellano‐Hinojosa

Correa‐Galeote

Palau³

et al. 2015

J. Basic Microbiol.

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Twenty one dinitrogen (N2 )-fixing bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere of Lolium perenne grown for more than 10 years without N-fertilization. The nearly complete sequence of the 16S rRNA gene of each strain and pairwise alignments among globally aligned sequences of the 16S rRNA genes clustered them into nine different groups. Out of the 21 strains, 11 were members of genus Bacillus, 3 belonged to each one of genera Paenibacillus and Pseudoxanthomonas, and the remaining 2 strains to each one of genera Burkholderia and Staphylococcus, respectively. A representative strain from each group contained the nifH gene and fixed atmospheric N2 as determined by the acetylene-dependent ethylene production assay (acetylene reduction activity, ARA). The nine selected strains were also examined to behave as plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPRs) including their ability to act as a biocontrol agent. The nine representative strains produced indol acetic acid (IAA) and solubilized calcium triphosphate, five of them, strains C2, C3, C12, C15, and C16, had ACC deaminase activity, and strains C2, C3, C4, C12, C16, and C17 produced siderophores. Strains C13, C16, and C17 had the capability to control growth of the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum mycelial growth in vitro. PCA analysis of determined PGPR properties showed that ARA, ACC deaminase activity, and siderophore production were the most valuable as they had the maximal contribution to the total variance.

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“…Epichloë-grass associations are known to benefit grasses in a number of ways, including increased growth (Gundel et al, 2013), better tolerance to water deficits (Rho et al, 2018) and resistance to pathogens (Xia et al, 2018) and herbivores (Bastias et al, 2017), the latter mainly via production of endophyte specific protective alkaloids (nitrogenous compounds) (Bastias et al, 2017). While some studies suggest endophytes play a limited role in stress alleviation (Niones and Takemoto, 2014;Wiewióra et al, 2015;Heineck et al, 2020), and might have antagonistic responses under extreme resource limitations conditions (Cheplick et al, 1989;Cheplick, 2007;Saikkonen et al, 2016), it is recognized that their beneficial effects are now widely reported (Kuldau and Bacon, 2008;Perez et al, 2017). Because of these benefits, animal-safe endophytes strains (e.g., AR1, AR31, AR584), that don't have the genes accountable for producing mammalian toxic alkaloids, are commercially available in marketed varieties of several perennial forage grasses such as tall fescue, perennial ryegrass, and cocksfoot (Gundel et al, 2013;Kauppinen et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reciprocal Effects of Silicon Supply and Endophytes on Silicon Accumulation and Epichloë Colonization in Grasses

et al. 2020

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Cool season grasses associate asymptomatically with foliar Epichloë endophytic fungi in a symbiosis where Epichloë spp. protects the plant from a number of biotic and abiotic stresses. Furthermore, many grass species can accumulate large quantities of silicon (Si), which also alleviates a similar range of stresses. While Epichloë endophytes may improve uptake of minerals and nutrients, their impact on Si is largely unknown. Likewise, the effect of Si availability on Epichloë colonization remains untested. To assess the bidirectional relationship, we grew tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) hydroponically with or without Si. Grasses were associated with five different Epichloë endophyte strains [tall fescue: AR584 or wild type (WT); perennial ryegrass: AR37, AR1, or WT] or as Epichloë-free controls. Reciprocally beneficial effects were observed for tall fescue associations. Specifically, Epichloë presence increased Si concentration in the foliage of tall fescue by at least 31%, regardless of endophyte strain. In perennial ryegrass, an increase in foliar Si was observed only for plants associated with the AR37. Epichloë promotion of Si was (i) independent of responses in plant growth, and (ii) positively correlated with endophyte colonization, which lends support to an endophyte effect independent of their impacts on root growth. Moreover, Epichloë colonization in tall fescue increased by more than 60% in the presence of silicon; however, this was not observed in perennial ryegrass. The reciprocal benefits of Epichloë-endophytes and foliar Si accumulation reported here, especially for tall fescue, might further increase grass tolerance to stress.

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Endophyte-mediated disease resistance in wild populations of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne)

Cited by 51 publications

References 41 publications

Endophytic Fungi Activated Similar Defense Strategies of Achnatherum sibiricum Host to Different Trophic Types of Pathogens

Endophytic Fungi Activated Similar Defense Strategies of Achnatherum sibiricum Host to Different Trophic Types of Pathogens

Isolation of N₂‐fixing rhizobacteria from Lolium perenne and evaluating their plant growth promoting traits

Reciprocal Effects of Silicon Supply and Endophytes on Silicon Accumulation and Epichloë Colonization in Grasses

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Endophyte-mediated disease resistance in wild populations of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne)

Cited by 51 publications

References 41 publications

Endophytic Fungi Activated Similar Defense Strategies of Achnatherum sibiricum Host to Different Trophic Types of Pathogens

Endophytic Fungi Activated Similar Defense Strategies of Achnatherum sibiricum Host to Different Trophic Types of Pathogens

Isolation of N2‐fixing rhizobacteria from Lolium perenne and evaluating their plant growth promoting traits

Reciprocal Effects of Silicon Supply and Endophytes on Silicon Accumulation and Epichloë Colonization in Grasses

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Isolation of N₂‐fixing rhizobacteria from Lolium perenne and evaluating their plant growth promoting traits