Endophyte‐enhanced resistance in perennial ryegrass to the bluegrass billbug, <i>Sphenophorus parvulus</i>

Ahmad, Sami; Johnson‐Cicalese, Jennifer; Dickson, W. K.; Funk, C. R.

doi:10.1111/j.1570-7458.1986.tb02164.x

Cited by 45 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Endophytes live asymptomatically within the host tissues, receiving protection, nutrients, and vertical transmission to the next plant generation via host seeds. The plant may benefit from endophyte infection through improved drought and flooding tolerance (Arachevaleta et al 1989;Bacon 1993;Malinowski and Belesky 2000), increased biomass production (Arachevaleta et al 1989;Funk et al 1993;Latch 1998), and improved herbivore resistance (Ahmad et al 1986;Cheplick and Clay 1988;Breen 1993a, b), resulting in the superior competitive ability of endophyteinfected (E+) individuals compared to uninfected (E-) conspecifics (Marks et al 1991;Clay and Holah 1999). Although a majority of studies show negative herbivore performance on E+ host grasses, more recent studies have found variable results (Bazely et al 1997;Saikkonen et al 1998Saikkonen et al , 1999Faeth 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Are endophyte-mediated effects on herbivores conditional on soil nutrients?

2004

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Neotyphodium endophytes are assumed to have mutualistic relationship with their grass hosts, mainly resulting from mycotoxin production increasing plant resistance to herbivores by the fungus that subsists on the plant. To study importance of often ignored environmental effects on these associations, we performed a greenhouse experiment to examine the significance of endophyte infection and nutrient availability for bird-cherry aphid ( Rhopalosiphum padi) performance on meadow fescue ( Lolium pratense). Naturally endophyte-infected (E+), uninfected (E-), or manipulatively endophyte-free (ME-) half-sib families of meadow fescue were grown on two soil nutrient levels. Endophyte infection reduced aphid performance in general. However, to our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate experimentally that herbivore performance decreases on E+ host plants with increasing availability of nutrients in soils. Potential improvement in herbivore performance in high nutrient soils and decreased plant performance in low nutrient soils in ME- plants, compared to E- and E+ plants, suggests that loss of endophyte infection after long coevolutionary relationship may be critical to plant fitness.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Are endophyte-mediated effects on herbivores conditional on soil nutrients?

2004

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“…For example, in L. perenne, Ahmad et al (1986) showed that the blue grass billbug Sphenophorus parvulus is less frequent on plants infected with endophytic fungi. Also Ahmad et al (1987) verified the same results in grasses attacked by the Southern armyworm Spodoptera eridania.…”

Section: Endophytes and The Decrease In The Incidence Of Insects On Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endophytic microorganisms: a review on insect control and recent advances on tropical plants

Azevedo¹,

Maccheroni²,

Pereira³

et al. 2000

Electron. J. Biotechnol.

559

320

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In the past two decades, a great deal of information on the role of endophytic microorganisms in nature has been collected. The capability of colonizing internal host tissues has made endophytes valuable for agriculture as a tool to improve crop performance. In this review, we addressed the major topics concerning the control of insects-pests by endophytic microorganisms. Several examples of insect control are described, notably those involving the interactions between fungi and grazing grasses from temperate countries. The mechanisms by which endophytic fungi control insect attacks are listed and include toxin production as well as the influence of these compounds on plant and livestock and how their production may be affected by genetic and environmental conditions. The importance of endophytic entomopathogenic fungi for insect control is also addressed. As the literature has shown, there is a lack of information on endophytes from tropical hosts, which are more severely affected by pests and diseases. The natural and biological control of pests and diseases affecting cultivated plants has gained much attention in the past decades as a way of reducing the use of chemical products in agriculture. Biological control has been frequently used in Brazil, supported by the development of basic and applied research on this field not only in our country but also in South America as it can be found in several reviews (Lecuona, 1996;Alves, 1998;Melo and Azevedo, 1998). In fact, by having vast agriculturable areas and most of its territory in the tropical region, Brazil and all Latin America, show their agriculture severely affected by agricultural pests. The use of agrochemicals, although decreasing the attack of insects and phytopathogenic microorganisms, still represents a high risk to field workers and consumers. In addition, their use is, in certain cases, economically unviable. The control of pests and diseases by means of biological processes i. e., use of entomopathogenic microorganisms or those that inhibit/antagonise other microorganisms pathogenic to plants, is an alternative that may contribute to reduce or eliminate the use of chemical products in agriculture.

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“…In addition, as a nonchemical control option, endophytic perennial ryegrass (Ahmad et al 1986, Richmond et al 2000 and endophytic tall fescue (Murphy et al 1993) can reduce S. parvulus larval population density and feeding damage in cool season turfgrass. Huang and Buss (2013) similarly studied the effect of overseeding Bermuda grass with endophyte-enhanced perennial ryegrass on S. v. vestitus, for potential use in the southern United States.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Zoysiagrass Genotype Responses to <I>Sphenophorus venatus vestitus</I> (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

et al. 2014

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The hunting billbug, Sphenophorus venatus vestitus Chittenden, is a pest that damages stems, rhizomes, and roots of zoysiagrass through a combination of adult and larval feeding. Management of this pest is difficult because it has multiple, overlapping generations in the southern United States, and symptoms of infestations are often misdiagnosed and inappropriately treated as drought stress or disease. Experiments were conducted in a greenhouse where 18 zoysiagrass cultivars were potted and infested with S. v. vestitus adults to examine the response of zoysiagrass genotypes to S. v. vestitus feeding damage. Results showed that zoysiagrass species and cultivars differed in susceptibility to S. v. vestitus, indicating that variable tolerance may exist in these turfgrasses for improvement through breeding. In general, Zoysia japonica Steudel was more susceptible to S. v. vestitus feeding damage and supported more S. v. vestitus than Zoysia matrella (L.) Merrill. Among the Z. japonica cultivars,'Belair' and'Zenith' had less desirable agronomic traits and incurred greater feeding damage than other cultivars more tolerant to billbug damage. With Z. matrella, 'Diamond' and 'Pristine Flora' displayed superior agronomic traits and had the least feeding damage and lowest infestations of billbug immatures and were therefore considered the most tolerant or resistant Z. matrella cultivars tested. Results indicate that stem diameter may be an important factor for adult feeding and oviposition site selection, which might explain the different responses between Zoysia spp. to S. v. vestitus damage.

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Endophyte‐enhanced resistance in perennial ryegrass to the bluegrass billbug, Sphenophorus parvulus

Cited by 45 publications

References 6 publications

Are endophyte-mediated effects on herbivores conditional on soil nutrients?

Are endophyte-mediated effects on herbivores conditional on soil nutrients?

Endophytic microorganisms: a review on insect control and recent advances on tropical plants

Zoysiagrass Genotype Responses to <I>Sphenophorus venatus vestitus</I> (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

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