Endophthalmitis: A review of recent trends

Abstract

Endophthalmitis is a feared complication of trauma, surgical procedures and septicemia. Although uncommon, its potential for significant visual loss is well recognized. Especially over the past decade, complicated surgeries and medical techniques have increased and seriously ill patients are being sustained in ever increasing numbers. New pathogens are being recognized and known ones reclassified thanks to advances in molecular analysis. Continuously evolving PCR methodologies also add a new dimension to the diagnosis of infectious endophthalmitis. As well, medical literature is now truly international, encompassing studies from around the world that expand our understanding of ocular infectious disease. This report reviews some of these changes as they relate to endophthalmitis and particularly to the spectrum of organisms involved.

Microbiological Isolates and Antibiotic Susceptibilities: A 10-Year Review of Culture-Proven Endophthalmitis Cases

“…Factors influencing variation between multiple reported studies include the period in time analyzed, prevalence of predisposing illnesses, geographic factors in organism incidence, urban versus rural settings, ethnicity, outpatient versus inpatient populations especially those in tertiary care centers, and climatic factors. 16 The relatively higher frequency of fungi might be associated with open-globe injuries involving vegetable matter or soil contamination due to the mild and moist climate in our series. 17 There was also a relatively high incidence of B. cereus, which is known to be highly virulent and to cause rapid progression to panophthalmitis, [18][19][20] which might be associated with open-globe injuries with intraocular foreign bodies, particularly metal objects and the variety of trauma causes in our series.…”

Fulminant Culture Negative Endophthalmitis as a New Entity, Toxic Posterior Segment Syndrome?

“…Endophthalmitis is a clinical diagnosis and can be classified as either acute, subacute/delayed, or chronic [6]. Characteristic findings on physical exam include injected conjunctiva, media haze, and a hypopyon in more than 80% of the cases [7,8].…”

Candida Species From Eye Infections: Drug Susceptibility, Virulence Factors, and Molecular Characterization

“…4 However, the prevalence of keratitis due to yeast-like fungi, notably Candida species, is reportedly higher in countries such as the United States and Mexico. [5][6][7] Very often candidiasis is associated with predisposing factors, such as excessive use of corticosteroids or antibiotics, surgical procedures, immunosuppression, systemic disease, or compromised ocular immunity. Candida species happen to be the most common cause of endogenous endophthalmitis.…”