ENDOPARASITES OF THE CAPE FUR SEAL<i>ARCTOCEPHALUS PUSILLUS PUSILLUS</i>FROM THE EASTERN CAPE COAST OF SOUTH AFRICA

Stewardson, CL; Fourie, Hester

doi:10.1080/00359199809520372

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In addition, studies on Cape fur seals from southern Africa demonstrated a high infection rate with Clistobothrium merocercoids of the delphini-type. Pansegrouw (1990) reported 75% infections of 90 examined seals from Namibia and Stewardson and Fourie (1998) 25% of 53 seals collected along the Eastern Cape coast of South Africa. Based on the well preserved morphology and a lack of degenerative lesions, it is suggested that the detected metacestodes were fully infectious.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the key of marine tapeworm larvae established by Jensen and Bullard (2010) , both merocercoids represent larval type XV. These merocercoids have a wide geographic distribution and have been reported in numerous cetacean species worldwide ( Norman, 1997 ; Abollo et al, 1998 ; Cornaglia et al, 2000 ; Failla Siquier and Le Bas, 2003 ; Beron-Vera et al, 2008 ; Colon-Llavina et al, 2009 ; Carvalho et al, 2010 ; Oliveira et al, 2011 ), but have also been reported from pinnipeds ( Rennie and Reid, 1912 ; Southwell and Walker, 1936 ; Bester, 1989 ; Pansegrouw, 1990 ; Stewardson and Fourie, 1998 ; McFarlane et al, 2009 ). In captive fur seals, two cases of phyllobothriidian merocercoids were reported ( Cordes and O'Hara, 1979 ; Mendonca, 1984 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subcutaneous merocercoids of Clistobothrium sp. in two Cape fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus)

Klotz¹,

Hirzmann

Bauer

et al. 2018

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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Fur seals represent intermediate hosts of the cestode Clistobothrium. Large sharks are definitive hosts for these parasites. Two female, 25– and 27-year-old fur seals, caught in the 1980s at the South African coast, were examined pathomorphologically. Both animals showed multifocal, up to 1 cm in diameter large cavities of the thoracic and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue containing intraluminal metacestodes of tapeworms, which were surrounded by a locally extensive, pyogranulomatous panniculitis. The metacestodes (merocercoids) of one fur seal were isolated from the subcutaneous adipose tissue and characterized morphologically and for the first time from this host by molecular techniques. The morphometric data corresponded with ‘delphini'-morphotype merocercoids, but the sequence of the partial 28S ribosomal RNA gene identified them as conspecific with merocercoids of the morphotype ‘grimaldii’. These merocercoid types are morphologically Type XV metacestodes of marine tapeworms and represent different species of Clistobothrium. Sequence data were generated for 18S, ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2, partial 28S ribosomal DNA and partial mitochondrial cox1 gene and phylogenetic analysis of 18S rRNA and partial 28S rRNA genes identified the fur seal merocercoids as Clistobothrium species. However, it cannot yet be assigned to species level because of limited molecular data from adult stages. Most likely, both fur seals were infected as juveniles in their original habitat, the coastal regions of South Africa. The metacestode infection is probably an incidental finding, however, there is a chronic inflammatory reaction next to the subcutaneous merocercoids. It is noteworthy, that the merocercoids remain in a potentially infective stage even after more than 20 years.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subcutaneous merocercoids of Clistobothrium sp. in two Cape fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus)

Klotz¹,

Hirzmann

Bauer

et al. 2018

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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“…Most fur seals in the genus Arctocephalus indeed are pelagic foragers (Majluf 1989, Acuña & Francis 1995, Reid et al 2006, Aurioles-Gamboa & Camacho-Ríos 2007, Franco-Trecu et al 2012, Páez Rosas et al 2012, Makhado et al 2013, Franco-Trecu et al 2014, Lalas & Webster 2014, probably because their small body size limits oxygen stores and hence reduces time underwater and the chance of captur-ing demersal prey (Gentry et al 1986, Kooyman 1989, Costa 1991, Costa et al 2004. The exceptions are the 2 fur seal subspecies with the largest body size within the genus: A. pusillus pusillus and A. p. doriferus (Arnould 2008), which exploit prey mainly associated with the bottom (Stewardson 2001, Page et al 2005. In addition, the foraging habitat can also be a key component of the foraging behaviour.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogenetic dietary changes in male South American fur seals Arctocephalus australis in Patagonia

Vales¹,

Cardona²,

García³

et al. 2015

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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This study assessed ontogenetic dietary changes in male South American fur seals Arctocephalus australis in northern and central Patagonia (Argentina) using stable isotope ratios (δ 15 N and δ 13 C) in vibrissae and bones. Sucking pups were characterised by higher δ 15 N values and lower δ 13 C values than older specimens. Weaning was associated with a marked drop of δ 15 N values, both in bone and vibrissae. Such a drop was inconsistent with the consumption of local prey and may reveal movement to distant foraging grounds or physiological changes associated with either fasting or rapid growth. Stable isotope ratios indicated that juveniles fed more pelagically than subadults and adults, but that there were no major differences between the 2 latter age categories. As subadults and adults are rather similar in body mass and are much larger than juveniles, body mass may play a role in the ontogenetic dietary changes reported. Nevertheless, demersal benthic prey were always scarce in the diet of male fur seals, which relied primarily on Argentine shortfin squid and small pelagic fish throughout life, though adults also consumed large amounts of decapod crustaceans available at shallow depths. Vibrissae did not reveal regular oscillations of δ 15 N or δ 13 C, except in 1 individual. Thus, male fur seals from northern and central Patagonia do not appear to migrate regularly between isotopically distinct areas, although nomadic displacements cannot be ruled out. KEY WORDS: Foraging ecology • Pinniped • Arctocephalus australis • Ontogenetic dietary change • Stable isotope analysis • δ 15 N • δ 13 C • Patagonia Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher This authors' personal copy may not be publicly or systematically copied or distributed, or posted on the Open Web, except with written permission of the copyright holder(s). It may be distributed to interested individuals on request.

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“…N, the number of hosts analysed; NI, number of infected hosts; MI, mean number of worms (or range) per infected host; G, presence of gravid females (Y, yes; N, no). Hyphens indicate that information is not available. a 1, Shaughnessy & Ross (1980); 2, George-Nascimento & Marín (1992); 3, Aznar et al (2004); 4, Sardella et al (2005); 5, Delyamure & Parukhin (1968); 6, Stewardson & Fourie (1998); 7, Smales (1986); 8, Obendorf & Presidente (1978); 9, Morini & Boero (1960); 10, Morgades et al (2006); 11, Johnston (1937); 12, Johnston & Edmonds (1953); 13, Zdzitowiecki (1986); 14, Johnston & Best (1942); 15, Berón-Vera et al (2007); 16, Figueroa & Puga (1990); 17, Torres et al (1992); 18, Dans et al (1999); 19, Corcuera et al (1995); 20, Berón-Vera et al (2008); 21, Andrade et al (1997); 22, Brownell (1975); 23, Kagei et al (1976); 24, Aznar et al (1994); 25, Hoberg & Ryan (1989). b Identified as Corynosoma sp., but considered to be C. australe by Sardella et al (2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… b Identified as Corynosoma sp., but considered to be C. australe by Sardella et al (2005). c Pansegrouw (1990), cited by Stewardson & Fourie (1998). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing host–parasite specificity through coprological analysis: a case study with species of Corynosoma (Acanthocephala: Polymorphidae) from marine mammals

et al. 2011

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In this paper we report an investigation of the utility of coprological analysis as an alternative technique to study parasite specificity whenever host sampling is problematic; acanthocephalans from marine mammals were used as a model. A total of 252 scats from the South American sea lion, Otaria flavescens, and rectal faeces from 43 franciscanas, Pontoporia blainvillei, from Buenos Aires Province, were examined for acanthocephalans. Specimens of two species, i.e. Corynosoma australe and C. cetaceum, were collected from both host species. In sea lions, 78 out of 145 (37.9%) females of C. australe were gravid and the sex ratio was strongly female-biased. However, none of the 168 females of C. cetaceum collected was gravid and the sex ratio was not female-biased. Conversely, in franciscanas, 14 out of 17 (82.4%) females of C. cetaceum were gravid, but none of 139 females of C. australe was, and the sex ratio of C. cetaceum, but not that of C. australe, was female-biased. In putative non-hosts, the size of worms was similar to that from specimens collected from prey. Results suggest that both acanthocephalans contact sea lions and franciscanas regularly. However, C. australe and C. cetaceum cannot apparently reproduce, nor even grow, in franciscanas and sea lions, respectively. Coprological analysis may represent a useful supplementary method to investigate parasite specificity, particularly when host carcasses are difficult to obtain.

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ENDOPARASITES OF THE CAPE FUR SEALARCTOCEPHALUS PUSILLUS PUSILLUSFROM THE EASTERN CAPE COAST OF SOUTH AFRICA

Cited by 13 publications

References 33 publications

Subcutaneous merocercoids of Clistobothrium sp. in two Cape fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus)

Subcutaneous merocercoids of Clistobothrium sp. in two Cape fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus)

Ontogenetic dietary changes in male South American fur seals Arctocephalus australis in Patagonia

Assessing host–parasite specificity through coprological analysis: a case study with species of Corynosoma (Acanthocephala: Polymorphidae) from marine mammals

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