Endoparasites in the endangered Fennoscandian population of arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus)

Meijer, Tomas; Mattsson, Roland; Angerbjörn, Anders; Osterman‐Lind, Eva; Fernández-Aguilar, Xavier; Gavier‐Widén, Dolores

doi:10.1007/s10344-011-0505-2

Cited by 19 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…Also prevalence rates of T. leonina reported from dogs of seve-ral countries of the Balkan peninsula were lower than those of T. canis (Olteanu, 2000;Papazahariadou et al, 2007) with the latest report on the rates of infection of 0.9 % and 75.7 %, respectively (Xhaxhiu et al, 2011). Research of Meijer et al (2011) on the endoparasites of arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) during two summers (2008 and 2010) showed the same pattern of nematode infection with T. leonina the most frequent parasite species found in 93 % and 65 % of the dens. In contrast, T. canis prevalence was considerably lower -7 % and 30 %.…”

Section: Abstract: T Canis; T Cati; Toxascaris Leonina; Carnivoresmentioning

confidence: 89%

Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati and Toxascaris leonina in wild and domestic carnivores

et al. 2012

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Ascarididae nematodes of genera Toxocara and Toxascaris are of significant epizootic relevance among predatory mammals from families Canidae and Felidae. Localization of these nematodes in the definitive hosts, their morphology, as well as the measurements of eggs and adult worms are similar. Recently, molecular techniques have provided alternative approaches for the identification of ascarid species. A common feature of the life cycles of these generally monoxenous nematodes is the significant participation of small rodents. In case of Toxocara spp., the rodent plays the role of paratenic host but optional intermediate host for T. leonina. Several studies indicate co-occurence of both T. canis and T. leonina in domestic and wild canids as well as T. cati and T. leonina in felids. Although the infections of humans with T. canis and T. cati are common worldwide, larvae of T. leonina has the potential to cause human disease as emerging zoonosis.

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Section: Abstract: T Canis; T Cati; Toxascaris Leonina; Carnivoresmentioning

confidence: 89%

Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati and Toxascaris leonina in wild and domestic carnivores

et al. 2012

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“…So far, M. canislagopodis has only been reported in Iceland (Loos-Frank et al 1992;Skirnisson et al 1993). Representatives of the genus are well known from Scandinavia and have for example been reported from red fox and raccoon dog in Denmark (Saeed et al 2006;Al-Sabi et al 2013 and from arctic foxes in Sweden (Meijer et al 2011). In Greenland, Kapel and Nansen (1996) reported M. lineatus from arctic foxes, but these identifications have not been confirmed with molecular methods.…”

Section: Molecular Analysis-coi and 12s Domainsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…In Greenland, Kapel and Nansen (1996) reported M. lineatus from arctic foxes, but these identifications have not been confirmed with molecular methods. Meijer et al (2011) erroneously reported M. canislagopodis from the arctic fox in Svalbard, citing Stien et al (2002), a reference on reindeer parasites, and not mentioning arctic fox parasites. This error was confirmed in an extensive study carried out on endoparasites of 353 arctic foxes from Svalbard where no Mesocestoides infections were recorded (Stien et al 2010).…”

Section: Molecular Analysis-coi and 12s Domainsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Occurrence of Mesocestoides canislagopodis (Rudolphi, 1810) (Krabbe, 1865) in mammals and birds in Iceland and its molecular discrimination within the Mesocestoides species complex

et al. 2016

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The life cycle of Mesocestoides tapeworms (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea: Mesocestoididae) requires three hosts. The first intermediate host is unknown but believed to be an arthropod. The second intermediate host is a vertebrate. The primary definitive host is a carnivore mammal, or a bird of prey, that eats the tetrathyridium-infected second intermediate host. One representative of the genus, Mesocestoides canislagopodis, has been reported from Iceland. It is common in the arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) and has also been detected in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) and cats (Felis domestica). Recently, scolices of a non-maturing Mesocestoides sp. have also been detected in gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus) intestines, and tetrathyridia in the body cavity of rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta). We examined the taxonomic relationship of Mesocestoides from arctic fox, gyrfalcon, and rock ptarmigan using molecular methods, both at the generic level (D1 domain LSU ribosomal DNA) and at the specific level (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 12S mitochondrial DNA). All stages belonged to Mesocestoides canislagopodis. Phylogenetic analysis of the combined 12S-COI at the specific level confirmed that M. canislagopodis forms a distinct clade, well separated from three other recognized representatives of the genus, M. litteratus, M. lineatus, and M. corti/vogae. This is the first molecular description of this species. The rock ptarmigan is a new second intermediate host record, and the gyrfalcon a new primary definitive host record. However, the adult stage seemed not to be able to mature in the gyrfalcon, and successful development is probably restricted to mammalian hosts.

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“…Otranto and Deplazes (45) note that Toxocara canis infections are generally higher in young foxes (under 6 months of age), although, a relatively high prevalence rate have also been among adult foxes in endemic territories, representing weak immune status against intestinal.Higher prevalence of Toxocara canis than Toxascaris leonina has also been found in other countries, including Denmark (59.4% and 0.6%) (40), Italy (52.6% and 0%)(27), Slovakia (25.8% and 17.5%)(46) and Kyrgyzstan (30.4% and 5.9%) (47). However, a higher prevalence of Toxascaris leonina than Toxocara canis has been found in some countries, including Sweden (respectively 65.0% and 30.0%)(39), Turkey (65.0% and 20.0%)(48), Greenland (41.8% and 0.0%)(49) and Norway (12.9% and 1.6%)(38). The exceptions are the studies from the Czech Republic, where the prevalence of both species in foxes was equal (2).The parasite with the lowest prevalence in this study was Trichuris vulpis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina were found to co-occur in only 14 foxes (J = 3.8%).This may indicate that these two species of parasites share an antagonistic relationship or are in competition with each other. The high prevalence of Toxocara canis among foxes and pets may lead to a low prevalence of Toxascaris leonina and vice versa(39). However, Jankovska et al (2) report the co-occurrence of these two nematode species 70.6% of tested foxes in Czech Republic.…”

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confidence: 99%

Prevalence of intestinal nematodes of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in north-west Poland

Tylkowska

Pilarczyk

Tomza–Marciniak

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is a widely distributed animal in the world. This wild carnivore is also a common host of several dangerous zoonotic parasites, primarily nematodes. Nematodes of red foxes, such as Toxocara canis and Uncinaria stenocephala, can cause numerous health problems in humans and domesticated animals. The aim of the study was to determine the parameters of occurrence of nematodes in red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in north-western Poland. Methods: The study was carried out in north-western Poland. The research material consisted of 620 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). Parasitological sections of the foxes were taken using the sedimentation and counting technique.Results: The prevalence of infestations with nematodes was 77.3%, while the mean infection intensity was 20.1 per animal. The presence of Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina, Uncinaria stenocephala and Trichuris vulpis was noted. The greatest prevalence was presented by Uncinaria stenocephala (34.0%). Male and female foxes displayed a similar prevalence of nematodes. Their presence was recorded in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and caecum of the foxes, and they were significantly more common in the jejunum than in other parts. The most commonly-observed coinfection was between Uncinaria stenocephala and Toxocara canis. Conclusions: It can be seen that nematodes are present in high numbers among foxes in north-western Poland. This phenomenon certainly contributes to an increased risk of transmission of parasites to humans and domestic animals, and this can represent a threat to health and even life.

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Endoparasites in the endangered Fennoscandian population of arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus)

Cited by 19 publications

References 17 publications

Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati and Toxascaris leonina in wild and domestic carnivores

Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati and Toxascaris leonina in wild and domestic carnivores

Occurrence of Mesocestoides canislagopodis (Rudolphi, 1810) (Krabbe, 1865) in mammals and birds in Iceland and its molecular discrimination within the Mesocestoides species complex

Prevalence of intestinal nematodes of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in north-west Poland

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