“…A similar effect was observed with -endorphin, which is an agonist at and ␦ receptors (Sundar et al, 1995), whereas the KOR agonist dynorphin inhibited cytokine induced up-regulation of HIV expression (Chao et al, 1995). Endomorphin-1 was further reported to alter IL-10 and IL-12 release from T-cells (Azuma and Ohura, 2002) and IL-8 production in colon cancer cells (Neudeck and Loeb, 2002). Most studies addressing the effects of -endorphin on immunocytes found immunosuppressive effects in the form of inhibition of proliferation or reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokine release (Garcia et al, 1992;Panerai et al, 1995;Bhardwaj et al, 1996;Ientile et al, 1997;Hosoi et al, 1999;Takeba et al, 2001).…”