Endometriosis at the Knee

PATEL, VIRENDRA C.; Samuels, Hershel; ABELES, ERNEST; HlRJIBEHEDIN, P. F.

doi:10.1097/00003086-198211000-00025

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…The small parts, which showed hyperintensity on T1-weighted images within the mass, may reflect hemorrhagic foci. These findings are similar to those of other soft tissue tumors, such as hemangiomas and synovial sarcomas [3,5], from which the differential diagnosis is considered to be difficult.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Extrapelvic endometriosis is less common and has been documented in various regions, including the urinary tract, intestinal tract, surgical scar, pulmonary region, spinal cord, peripheral nervous system, and skeletal muscle [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Among them, involvement of extremities is rare and almost all cases of extremity endometriosis occur in the lower extremities [3,5,7,[11][12][13][15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among them, involvement of extremities is rare and almost all cases of extremity endometriosis occur in the lower extremities [3,5,7,[11][12][13][15][16][17][18]. Some authors have theorized that this is because the endometrial cells pass into the lower extremities through the round ligament, which leads to the inguinal canal [3,7,18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Endometriosis in the deltoid muscle: a case report

Nagamoto

Hashimoto

Kakunaga

et al. 2011

Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol

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Although endometriosis is a relatively common condition in women of reproductive age, skeletal endometriosis is rare. Among them, endometriosis in the upper extremity is extremely rare and, to the best of our knowledge, there has been only one case report of endometriosis in the upper extremity published in the English literature. We successfully treated a case of endometriosis in the deltoid muscle in a 23-year-old woman with complete surgical excision and has no recurrence for 72 months after surgery.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Endometriosis in the deltoid muscle: a case report

Nagamoto

Hashimoto

Kakunaga

et al. 2011

Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol

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“…Extrapelvic musculoskeletal endometriosis has been rarely described (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9). To our knowledge, this is the first case of musculoskeletal endometriosis in the lower limb to present following a history of pelvic fracture, prompting consideration of possible pathophysiologic mechanisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Case Report: Extrapelvic Endometriosis in the Medial Thigh

Pascoal

Rogers

Leonardi

et al. 2021

Front. Reprod. Health

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Extrapelvic endometriosis, although rare, can present in the musculoskeletal system of reproductive-age women and cause significant pain and morbidity. The pathophysiology of this disease is not well understood. In this study, we described the case of a 39-year-old women with an inner-thigh mass causing catamenial pain. Core-biopsy of the mass confirmed endometriosis and she was referred to minimally-invasive gynecology for management. Surgical excision was performed by a multidisciplinary team and she remains pain-free postoperatively on hormonal therapy. Unique to this case, the patient had a history of pelvic fracture. Through this case report, we discuss possible pathophysiologic mechanisms of extrapelvic musculoskeletal endometriosis including the stem/progenitor cell theory and the role that musculoskeletal trauma may have in the development of this condition. Gynecologists play an important role in the recognition, diagnosis, and management of musculoskeletal endometriosis.

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“…Interestingly, endometriosis has also been reported in male patients [26][27][28][29]. An acceptable explanation of endometrial like tissue being found in males was first proposed in the nineteenth century by both Von Recklinghausen and Russell: germinal embryonic mullerian cells in the male fetus may differentiate into endometrial cells under certain stimuli [30].…”

Section: Theory Of Embryonic Restmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of HOXB4 in endometrial tissues from women with or without endometriosis

Alkusayer

Peng

Klausen

et al. 2015

Fertility and Sterility

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Endometriosis is a benign gynecological disease that affects up to 10% of women of reproductive age; however, the pathogenesis of endometriosis remains poorly understood. HOX genes encode transcription factors that play roles in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, adhesion and motility in adult tissueskey features of endometrioid tissues. The aim of this study was to examine the localization of HOXB4, via immunohistochemistry (IHC), in both eutopic (EE) and ectopic endometrial tissues (deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) and endometriomas (Eoma)) from women with endometriosis and compare it to endometrial tissue from women with no history of endometriosis (EC). The localization of HOXB4 in these tissues was determined via immunohistochemistry (IHC) with a monoclonal HOXB4 antibody, where immunoreactivity was assessed by the Histoscore (H-Score) method. HOXB4 protein was present in the endometrial glandular epithelial cells only. HOXB4 immunoreactivity in EC was significantly higher in the proliferative phase than in the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle; however, this difference was lost among the diseased groups (EE, Eoma and DIE). Interestingly, HOXB4 expression was significantly lower in the DIE lesions compared to matched eutopic endometrium and endometrioma /DIE lesions. After normalizing HOXB4 mRNA levels to endometrial epithelial cell content, HOXB4 mRNA levels were also significantly lower in the DIE groups when compared to EC and Eoma. On the whole, HOXB4 expression is reduced in DIE, but not endometrioma endometriosis, and may be dysregulated in ectopic implants. During the menstrual cycle, the expression of HOXB4 in endometrial glandular epithelial cells is higher in the proliferative phase than the secretory phase in the normal eutopic endometrium. We here report for the first time the expression of HOXB4 localization and immunoreactivity not only in the normal eutopic endometrium but also in both eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissues in women with endometriosis. iii Preface This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science in Reproductive and Developmental Sciences degree. The development of the research project

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Endometriosis at the Knee

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Endometriosis in the deltoid muscle: a case report

Endometriosis in the deltoid muscle: a case report

Case Report: Extrapelvic Endometriosis in the Medial Thigh

Expression of HOXB4 in endometrial tissues from women with or without endometriosis

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