Endometriosis and gynaecological cancers: molecular insights behind a  complex machinery

Větvička, Václav; Fiala, Luděk; Garzon, Simone; Buzzaccarini, Giovanni; Terzić, Milan; Laganà, Antonio Simone

doi:10.5114/pm.2021.111276

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…For example, clinical manifestations associated with increased risk include infertility and late menopause [24]. In contrast, total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, oral contraceptives, and tubal ligation have reduced the risk of cancer development [25]. The specific manner by which tubal ligation reduces the chance of ovarian cancer is not well understood, but it may function as a physical barrier that prevents precancerous substances from travelling through the fallopian tubes to the ovaries (such as endometriosis, infectious agents, fallopian tube epithelial cells, or external carcinogens) [26].…”

Section: Endometriosis and Its Relation To Eaocmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rare but Still There: A Scoping Review on Endometriosis-Associated Ovarian Cancer

Livori,

Calleja-Agius

2024

Discovery Medicine

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Endometriosis is a medical condition affecting at least up to 10% of women of reproductive age. This condition occurs when ectopic endometrial glands and stroma implant outside the uterus and there are several theories regarding the underlying origins of the disease. Endometriosis is one of the major causes of severe dysmenorrhoea, chronic pelvic pain and infertility. While endometriosis is generally a non-malignant condition, it rarely may transform into an invasive cancer, and increase the risk for epithelial ovarian cancer, notably endometrioid or clear cell ovarian cancer. Despite the increased risk, the mechanisms behind the development of endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer (EAOC) are not yet well understood. Recent investigations have delved into the intricate interplay between endometriosis and EAOC, exploring pathways involving oxidative stress, inflammation, hyperestrogenism, and the discovery of genetic mutations within endometriotic lesions that hint at a transition towards invasive carcinoma. Efforts have been made to identify intermediary lesions between endometriosis and EAOC, which may enable earlier detection of endometriosis at risk of malignant transformation or even prevention of the transformation altogether. However, given the rarity of this malignancy, there is still the risk of late or missed diagnosis, with the risk of inappropriate management being offered to the patient, and the higher risk of poor prognosis and increased morbidity and mortality. This scoping review aims to summarize existing data on EAOC, with a focus on endometrioid and clear cell histologic subtypes. It also provides insights into its identification, prognosis, and delineating management strategies, seeking to provide a holistic understanding of the complexities surrounding EAOC, facilitating further research and the development of more effective prevention and treatment approaches.

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Section: Endometriosis and Its Relation To Eaocmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rare but Still There: A Scoping Review on Endometriosis-Associated Ovarian Cancer

Livori,

Calleja-Agius

2024

Discovery Medicine

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“…Retrograde menstruation [ 6 ] was the first hypothesis suggested. Genetic predisposition and hormonal factors such as resistance to progesterone, estrogen dependence, inflammation, angiogenesis, vascularization processes, oxidative stress, resistance to apoptosis, and immunological factors would have to be involved in various degrees [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Recently, an infectious origin has also been suggested [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Classification of Endometriosis Based on Clusters of Comorbidities

Sarria-Santamera,

Yemenkhan,

Terzic

et al. 2023

Biomedicines

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Endometriosis is a heterogeneous, complex, and still challenging disease, due to its epidemiological, etiological and pathogenic, diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognosis characteristics. The classification of endometriosis is contentious, and existing therapies show significant variability in their effectiveness. This study aims to capture and describe clusters of women with endometriosis based on their comorbidity. With data extracted from electronic records of primary care, this study performs a hierarchical clustering with the Ward method of women with endometriosis with a subsequent analysis of the distribution of comorbidities. Data were available for 4055 women with endometriosis, and six clusters of women were identified: cluster 1 (less comorbidity), cluster 2 (anxiety and musculoskeletal disorders), cluster 3 (type 1 allergy or immediate hypersensitivity); cluster 4 (multiple morbidities); cluster 5 (anemia and infertility); and cluster 6 (headache and migraine). Clustering aggregates similar units into similar clusters, partitioning dissimilar objects into other clusters at a progressively finer granularity—in this case, groups of women with similarities in their comorbidities. Clusters may provide a deeper insight into the multidimensionality of endometriosis and may represent diverse “endometriosis trajectories” which may be associated with specific molecular and biochemical mechanisms. Comorbidity-based clusters may be important to the scientific study of endometriosis, contributing to the clarification of its clinical complexity and variability. An awareness of those comorbidities may help elucidate the etiopathogenesis and facilitate the accurate earlier diagnosis and initiation of treatments targeted toward particular subgroups.

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“…Endometriosis is a heterogeneous and complex disease, characterized by the presence of functionally active endometrial tissue, stroma, and glands outside the uterine cavity [ 2 , 3 ]. Numerous explanations have been proposed for its etiopathogenesis, such as retrograde menstrual bleeding, hormones, genetics, inflammation, or metaplastic transformation, but the exact mechanism of endometriotic lesions is still unknown [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

History of Endometriosis Is Independently Associated with an Increased Risk of Ovarian Cancer

Sarría‐Santamera

Khamitova

Gusmanov

et al. 2022

JPM

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Background: Endometriosis is a complex gynecologic disorder that has been associated with a higher risk of ovarian cancer. The purpose of this work is to determine to what extent a history of endometriosis is a risk factor for ovarian cancer in a Spanish population. Methods: A retrospective case–control study was conducted using de-identified data from the Spanish National Health System’s “Primary Care Clinical Database” and “Hospital Minimum Basic Data Set” for the period 2013–2017. Multiple logistics regression analysis was conducted to determine associations between ovarian cancer and endometriosis controlled by sociodemographic characteristics and comorbidities. Results: Data from 608,980 women were analyzed, with 4505 presenting ovarian cancer. Endometriosis patients were shown to have a 2.66-fold increased risk of ovarian cancer when compared to those who did not have endometriosis by controlling age and other relevant comorbidities. Conclusions: This case–control study based on clinical administrative data has found that a history of endometriosis is independently associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer. More research is needed to determine if a history of endometriosis affects survival results in ovarian cancer patients.

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Endometriosis and gynaecological cancers: molecular insights behind a complex machinery

Cited by 11 publications

References 45 publications

Rare but Still There: A Scoping Review on Endometriosis-Associated Ovarian Cancer

Rare but Still There: A Scoping Review on Endometriosis-Associated Ovarian Cancer

A Novel Classification of Endometriosis Based on Clusters of Comorbidities

History of Endometriosis Is Independently Associated with an Increased Risk of Ovarian Cancer

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