Endometrial thickness as measured by endovaginal ultrasonography for identifying endometrial abnormality

Granberg, S.; Wikland, M.; Karlsson, Bengt; Norström, Anders; Friberg, Lars Göran

doi:10.1016/0378-5122(91)90246-m

Cited by 79 publications

(100 citation statements)

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“…Subjects were excluded if they had any chronic medical illness, a history of breast cancer, clinical evidence of pelvic disease, evidence of endometrial hyperplasia (defined as endometrial thickness Ͼ5 mm), 46 previous intolerance of oestrogen or progestogen in 'replacement' doses, the need for any chronic medication likely to impact on blood pressure, 24-h urinary sodium excretion Ͻ70 mmol/day or Ͼ250 mmol/day and a body mass index of Ͼ30 kg/m 2 . Subjects were also excluded if they had a disturbance of heart rhythm (atrial fibrillation, frequent (Ͼ10/min) atrial or ventricular extrasystoles) which rendered blood pressure measurement by oscillometry inaccurate.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose response effect of cyclical medroxyprogesterone on blood pressure in postmenopausal women

et al. 2001

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Objective: This study was designed to compare with placebo the dose-response effect of cyclical doses of the C21 progestogen, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) on blood pressure (BP) when administered to normotensive postmenopausal women receiving a fixed mid-range daily dose of conjugated equine oestrogen (CEE). Materials and methods: Twenty normotensive postmenopausal women (median age 53 years) participated in the study which used a double-blind crossover design. There were four randomised treatment phases, each of 4 weeks duration. The four blinded treatments were MPA 2.5 mg, MPA 5 mg, MPA 10 mg and matching placebo, taken for the last 14 days of each 28 day treatment cycle. CEE 0.625 mg was also administered once daily as open labelled tablets to all subjects throughout the study. Clinic BP was measured weekly with the

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Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose response effect of cyclical medroxyprogesterone on blood pressure in postmenopausal women

et al. 2001

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“…Rarement, un carcinome vésical [5,16,17] ou un carcinome colique [16] est rapporté comme cause de MPM; c'est pourquoi on clarifiera avec soin l'origine génitale du saignement lors de l'anamnèse.…”

Section: Seul L'examen Histologique D'un Prélèvement Permet Un Diagnounclassified

“…Les causes de saignements suprautérins (trompes, ovaires) sont plus difficiles à détecter par la palpation des organes génitaux internes et sont mises en évi-dence plus fréquemment par l'échographie transvaginale [5,13,16,19,20]. On trouve le plus souvent des kystes ovariens bénins et des tumeurs ovariennes malignes.…”

Section: Medizin Médecine Medicina Guidelinesunclassified

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Investigation des métrorragies de la post-ménopause (MPM).

2000

Bull Med Suisses

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“…Granberg et al identified that endometrial thickness measurements below 5 mm had a 96% specificity for excluding endometrial disease in women with postmenopausal bleeding [27]. 3D ultrasound imaging provides us with an assessment of endometrial volume in contrast with endometrial thickness measurements produced by 2D ultrasound.…”

Section: D and Gynecological Malignancymentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Ultrasound in Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine

Coyne

Jayaprakasan

Raine‐Fenning

2008

Womens Health (Lond Engl)

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With advances occurring in medicine on a daily basis, it was only a matter of time before essential gynecological investigations, such as ultrasound, were modified. Many clinicians remain unconvinced by its reputed advantages and 3D ultrasound is not without disadvantages. These mainly relate to the cost implications and training requirements. 3D ultrasound imaging is still at a relatively early stage in terms of its role as a day-to-day imaging modality in gynecology and reproductive medicine. 3D imaging has several obvious benefits that relate to an improved spatial orientation and the demonstration of multiplanar views, of which the coronal plane is particularly useful. It offers a more objective and reproducible measurement of volume and vascularity of the region of interest, and an improved assessment of normal and pathological pelvic organs through further postprocessing modalities, including tomographic ultrasound imaging and various rendering modalities. It also has the benefit of offering reduced scanning time, the option of teleconsultation and storage of images for re-evaluation. However, other than its application in the assessment and differentiation of uterine anomalies, there is very little evidence demonstrating that 3D ultrasound results in a clinically relevant benefit or negates the need for further investigation. Future work should ensure that 3D ultrasound is compared with conventional imaging in randomized trials where the observer is blind to the outcome, only after which will we truly be able to evaluate its role in an evidence-based manner.With advances occurring in medicine on a daily basis, it was only a matter of time before essential gynecological investigations, such as ultrasound, were modified. 2D ultrasound has been one of the key modes of investigation for years, but recent developments have seen the introduction of 3D ultrasound. This review focuses on the current role of 3D imaging in the field of gynecology and reproductive medicine, and outlines how our practice may change in the future as a result. However, very few studies have truly compared conventional ultrasound with 3D ultrasound and the following article appraises the current evidence, which is often derived from observational studies.What is 3D ultrasound? Conventional (2D) ultrasound is the most widely available modality at present. 2D ultrasound essentially provides us with 2D images of 3D structures, which appear as real-time crosssectional slices through the organ/structures being examined. The views can, at times, be restricted owing to limited scan planes. By contrast, 3D ultrasound techniques rely upon the production of a composite of multiple 2D scan images. Computing software is then used to fill in the gaps or 'interpolate' between these images to produce a solid volume. The acquired 3D ultrasound volume can then be displayed collectively in a variety of imaging modalities. Several viewing modalities are available to maximize the display of the acquired 3D images. The render mode shows a single image repre...

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Endometrial thickness as measured by endovaginal ultrasonography for identifying endometrial abnormality

Cited by 79 publications

References 0 publications

Dose response effect of cyclical medroxyprogesterone on blood pressure in postmenopausal women

Dose response effect of cyclical medroxyprogesterone on blood pressure in postmenopausal women

Investigation des métrorragies de la post-ménopause (MPM).

3D Ultrasound in Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine

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