Endometrial Thickness as Measured by Transvaginal Ultrasound and the Corresponding Histopathologic Diagnosis in Women With Postmenopausal Bleeding

Patel, Vatsal; Wilkinson, Edward J.; Chamala, Srikar; Lu, Xiaomin; Castagno, Jacqueline; Rush, Demaretta S.

doi:10.1097/pgp.0000000000000344

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In patients with abnormal vaginal bleeding, the endometrium is initially evaluated by transvaginal ultrasonography (TVUS). In postmenopausal patients with metrorrhagia, focal, or diffuse endometrial thickening of > 4 mm should be considered suspicious [27]. TVUS can be helpful in preoperative staging, showing an overall accuracy of 60–76% with regards to assessing the degree of myometrial invasion.…”

Section: Role Of Mri In Endometrial and Cervical Cancersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of MRI in staging and follow-up of endometrial and cervical cancer: pitfalls and mimickers

et al. 2019

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MRI plays important roles in endometrial and cervical cancer assessment, from detection to recurrent disease evaluation. Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common malignant tumor of the female genital tract in Western countries. EC patients are divided into risk categories based on histopathological tumor type, grade, and myometrial invasion depth. EC is surgically staged using the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) system. Since FIGO (2009) stage correlates with prognosis, preoperative staging is essential for tailored treatment. MRI reveals myometrial invasion depth, which correlates with tumor grade and lymph node metastases, and thus correlates with prognosis. Cervical cancer (CC) is the second most common cancer, and the third leading cause of cancer-related death among females in developing countries. The FIGO Gynecologic Oncology Committee recently revised its CC staging guidelines, allowing staging based on imaging and pathological findings when available. The revised FIGO (2018) staging includes node involvement and thus enables both therapy selection and evaluation, prognosis estimation, and calculation of end results. MRI can accurately assess prognostic indicators, e.g., tumor size, parametrial invasion, pelvic sidewall, and lymph node invasion. Despite these important roles of MRI, radiologists still face challenges due to the technical and interpretation pitfalls of MRI during all phases of endometrial and cervical cancer evaluation. Awareness of mimics that can simulate both cancers is critical. With careful application, functional MRI with DWI and DCE sequences can help establish a correct diagnosis, although it is sometimes necessary to perform biopsy and histopathological analysis.

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Section: Role Of Mri In Endometrial and Cervical Cancersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is also useful for evaluating cervical involvement, having a diagnostic accuracy comparable to contrast-enhanced MRI. Definitive EC diagnosis requires endometrial biopsy or dilation and curettage [3, 8, 27].…”

Section: Role Of Mri In Endometrial and Cervical Cancersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of MRI in staging and follow-up of endometrial and cervical cancer: pitfalls and mimickers

et al. 2019

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“…In the current study, hyperplasia or malignancy were diagnosed in 113 (11.37%) of postmenopausal women, which is in keeping with other studies. 10 , 16 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endometrial sampling at an academic hospital in South Africa: Histological findings, lessons learnt and interesting surprises

Mohanlal

2020

African Journal of Laboratory Medicine

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Background: Outpatient sampling is used to investigate endometrial pathology. Little is known about practice habits and local failure rates at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa.Objective: This study assessed the frequency of samples that showed no or limited histological representation of endometrium, and described demographic and pathological features.Methods: All endometrial sample histology reports from the National Health Laboratory Services at the hospital from 01 July 2013 to 31 May 2017 were retrieved by searching the laboratory’s information system. Clinical variables (age, menopausal state, indication for biopsy, endometrial thickness on ultrasound) and pathological findings (macroscopic amount of tissue, histological diagnosis, microscopic presence of endometrial tissue) were extracted and statistically analysed.Results: A total of 1926 samples were included, 91% of which were submitted for abnormal or postmenopausal bleeding. No endometrium was observed in 25% of samples and 13% showed limited endometrium. Benign diagnoses (86%) were most common, with proliferative or secretory changes, endometrial polyps and endometritis accounting for most of these. Associations between the amount of sample received and the presence of endometrial tissue (p ≤ 0.001) and benign versus malignant diagnoses (p ≤ 0.001) were noted. The greater the endometrial thickness, the greater the likelihood of obtaining more sample (bulky vs scant p 0.001) and making a malignant versus benign diagnosis (p = 0.005).Conclusion: These findings are in keeping with literature outside Africa. Histology reports should be explicit when terms such as ‘inadequate’ or ‘insufficient’ are used, in order to facilitate clinical decision-making.

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“…Sampling of endometrium is suggested, among cut-off value 4mm or 5mm, intended for indicative post-menopausal females. Though, diverse strategies utilize diverse cut off value of ET, variable from 3mm to 5mm, to exclude Endometrial Malignancy [9][10][11][12] . Widespread utilize of sonography comprises too allow able accompanying ET result into asymptomatic post-menopausal females.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound Measurement of Endometrial Thickness for Detecting Endometrial Malignancy

Iqbal¹,

Murrium²,

Yaseen³

et al. 2021

PJMHS

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Background: Post-menopausal Bleeding is extremely doubtful of existence a mark intended for incidence of EC as well as around 5% to 12% of post-menopausal bleeding consequences commencing endometrial cancer. EC is greatest communal Gynecologic Malignancy into established countries. Thin endometrium (≤4 mm) devours precise high NPV (99%). Thickened Endometrium has been considered by way of sign intended for an offensive assessment. Aim: To determine the ET measurement for detecting endometrial malignancy with uterine bleeding in post-menopausal females. Methods: The search was led according to Systematic Reviews Ethics. Searched databases were: Google scholar and Web Research from January 2014 and November 2020. Around nine studies were designated for this Systemic Review. We mined subsequent facts: Design of study, mean age and range, menopause duration, range and mean, BMI range and mean, as well as ET range and mean. Conclusion: From beyond examination this review concluded that, the Endometrial Thickness among the suggested alteration in cut off 3-5 mm within repetitive ultrasound practice must be ended in elevation threat females identify for malignancy before in Postmenopausal females as well as ultrasound is attested chosen a convenient implement to diagnose. Keywords: Post-menopausal Bleeding, Endometrial Thickness, Endometrial Cancer.

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Endometrial Thickness as Measured by Transvaginal Ultrasound and the Corresponding Histopathologic Diagnosis in Women With Postmenopausal Bleeding

Cited by 19 publications

References 27 publications

Role of MRI in staging and follow-up of endometrial and cervical cancer: pitfalls and mimickers

Role of MRI in staging and follow-up of endometrial and cervical cancer: pitfalls and mimickers

Endometrial sampling at an academic hospital in South Africa: Histological findings, lessons learnt and interesting surprises

Ultrasound Measurement of Endometrial Thickness for Detecting Endometrial Malignancy

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