Endometrial fluid accumulation in asymptomatic postmenopausal women

Vuento, Maarit; Pirhonen, Jouko; Mäkinen, Juha; J, Tyrkkö; Laippala, Pékka; Gröroos, M.; Salmi, Tuula

doi:10.1046/j.1469-0705.1996.08010037.x

Cited by 38 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…The EFC incidence in asymptomatic postmenopausal women is between 4 and 14% [8][9][10][11][12] ; in the present study, the EFC incidence was 4.4%, thereby according with the wider litera ture. We selected our study population from among postmeno pausal women not undergoing hormone replacement therapy; 13 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

The clinical significance of endometrial fluid collection in asymptomatic postmenopausal women

et al. 2015

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The results indicate that EFC in asymptomatic postmenopausal women is a benign condition, influenced by older age and commensurately longer menopause duration due to a lack of hormonal stimulation. The presence of EFC by itself does not affect the decision to provide further evaluation; that is determined by the presence of confirmed risk factors (e.g. thickened endometrial stripe). However, further studies are needed to assess any long-term prognostic impact of this finding.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

The clinical significance of endometrial fluid collection in asymptomatic postmenopausal women

et al. 2015

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“…Changes in the fluid pH and electrolytes composition of the uterus following menopause are not well understood. There is currently lack of information with regards to the significance of uterine fluid during this period, which may function as lubricant to preserve the normal uterine environment and delaying uterine atrophy [35]. As genistein is widely consumed as a dietary supplement by the post-menopausal women, therefore this effect might be useful to prevent post-menopausal uterine atrophy.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genistein Induces Increase in Fluid pH, Na+ and HCO3− Concentration, SLC26A6 and SLC4A4 (NBCe1)-B Expression in the Uteri of Ovariectomized Rats

Chinigarzadeh

Kasim

Muniandy

et al. 2014

IJMS

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Genistein has been reported to stimulate luminal HCO3− secretion. We hypothesized that genistein mediates this effect via SLC26A6 and SLC4A4 (NBCe1) transporters. Our study aimed to: investigate changes in uterine fluid pH, Na+ and HCO3− concentration and expression of uterine SLC26A6 and NBCe1 under genistein effect. Ovariectomized adult female rats received 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg/day genistein for a week with and without ICI 182780. A day after the last injection, in vivo uterine perfusion was performed to collect uterine fluid for Na+, HCO3− and pH determination. The animals were then sacrificed and uteri were removed for mRNA and protein expression analyses. SLC26A6 and NBCe1-A and NBCe1-B distribution were visualized by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Genistein at 50 and 100 mg/kg/day stimulates uterine fluid pH, Na+ and HCO3− concentration increase. Genistein at 100 mg/kg/day up-regulates the expression of SLC26A6 and SLC4A4 mRNA, which were reduced following concomitant ICI 182780 administration. In parallel, SLC26A6 and NBCe1-B protein expression were also increased following high dose genistein treatment and were localized mainly at the apical membrane of the luminal epithelia. SLC26A6 and NBCe1-B up-regulation by genistein could be responsible for the observed increase in the uterine fluid pH, Na+ and HCO3− concentration under this condition.

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“…The presence of fluid in the endometrial cavity of Case No. 21 is of little significance, as the authors themselves have reported in a previous study 3 . In addition, the two other women with uterine cancer also had Stage lb disease and yet had much higher endometrial thickness values.…”

mentioning

confidence: 74%

Screening for endometrial cancer in asymptomatic postmenopausal women with conventional and colour Doppler sonography

Spencer¹

1999

BJOG

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We welcome the letter by Maouris and Gupta which brings to attention the confusion between prediction on the one hand, and awarenesslanticipation on the other. Prediction requires a strong relationship between variables and a high level of statistical probability of an event, whereas awareness and anticipation rest simply on the recognition that there is increased risk, usually of a lesser order. For example, a combination of risk factors associated with a 10% risk will not allow reliable prediction of shoulder dystocia, but it would be foolish not to anticipate the possibility and to prepare accordingly. Most deliveries will prove uneventful, but much of the safe practice of obstetrics rests upon such precautionary measures, which are designed to ensure that if skilled help is needed, staff are alerted, and there is a plan of action.We do not "assume that it is possible to predict shoulder dystocia prospectively by employing a combination of risk factors, and accurately assess the risks involved . . ." On the contrary, we point out that "where shoulder dystocia may be seen as a potential, though small, risk, its possibility should be anticipated . . . There needs to be a graded response proportional to the perceived degree of risk . . .Thinking in a preventive, anticipatory way does not mean subjecting women to unnecessary elective caesarian sections." The measures we have advocated in the great majority of cases are simple conservative precautions. Only when macrosomia is demonstrable and there is maternal diabetes, previous shoulder dystocia, or adverse clinical features have we advised elective section.We are again misquoted as claiming "widespread support" for cephalic replacement. We disclaimed any experience of this manoeuvre and were cautious in describing the experience of others. We have equally no experience of fracturing fetal clavicles with our fingers. We do, however, agree that symphysiotomy deserves a mention. SicWith reference to the Commentary, Shoulder dystocia, by Johnstone and Myerscough, I would like to raise a few minor points.There are two types of shoulder dystocia. One is from failure of engagement of the bisacromial diameter into the pelvic inlet (one shoulder or both shoulders may remain impacted above the pelvic inlet). The other is from failure of internal rotation of the already engaged bisacromial diameter. In the first case the turtle sign is present, in the second it is not.Placing the parturient in the McRobert's position increases the dimensions of the mid-pelvis and of the pelvic outlet, but actually decreases the antero-posterior dimensions of the pelvic inlet. On the contrary, the Walcher's position (buttocks protruding a few centimeters from the edge of the delivery table, both legs hanging down towards the floor) increases the antero-posterior diameter of the pelvic inlet while reducing the capacity of the mid-pelvis and of the pelvic outlet. Consequently, when shoulder dystocia from failed engagement is diagnosed, the woman should be placed into the Walcher's position f...

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Endometrial fluid accumulation in asymptomatic postmenopausal women

Cited by 38 publications

References 0 publications

The clinical significance of endometrial fluid collection in asymptomatic postmenopausal women

The clinical significance of endometrial fluid collection in asymptomatic postmenopausal women

Genistein Induces Increase in Fluid pH, Na+ and HCO3− Concentration, SLC26A6 and SLC4A4 (NBCe1)-B Expression in the Uteri of Ovariectomized Rats

Screening for endometrial cancer in asymptomatic postmenopausal women with conventional and colour Doppler sonography

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