Endometrial cancer with congenital uterine anomalies: 3 case reports and a literature review

Abstract

Clinicians should be aware of the coexistence of uterine malignancies and uterine anomalies in patients presenting with persistent abnormal uterine bleeding, but with negative endometrial biopsy or failed in the operation of endometrial biopsy. In such cases, magnetic resonance imaging has an important role in the diagnosis of both malformation and malignancy, and an exploratory laparotomy should be performed to avoid delaying the diagnosis and treatment of cancers.

Ovarian dysgerminoma with Müllerian anomaly: a case report

“…Uterine anomalies are the most common congenital malformation of the female genital tract [3]. The most common Müllerian anomalies include uterus didelphys, bicornuate uterus, and septate uterus [3]. In the present case, the patient with secondary amenorrhea was diagnosed with uterus didelphys.…”

“…Müllerian anomalies are often recognized after the onset of puberty when a young girl has menstrual disorders or when a reproductive-aged woman encounters infertility and obstetric complications, such as abortion or preterm labor. Uterine anomalies are the most common congenital malformation of the female genital tract [3]. The most common Müllerian anomalies include uterus didelphys, bicornuate uterus, and septate uterus [3].…”

“…Uterus didelphys accounts for approximately 11% of congenital uterine anomalies [1] and is associated with a single fallopian tube, ovarian malposition, and renal agenesis [2]. Müllerian anomalies with gynecologic malignancies are very rare, and only a few cases have been reported [3], one of which is endometrial cancer associated with uterus didelphys. There are no recorded cases of ovarian malignancies associated with Müllerian anomalies.…”

Rare Case Report of an Endometrial Adenocarcinoma Arising in a Complete Septate Uterus With a Double Cervix and Vagina

“…The third case was published by Gao et al in 2017 which involved a nulliparous 60-year-old patient with a septate uterus, and the final histopathological findings confirmed a grade II endometrioid adenocarcinoma in the left cavity, invading less than half of the myometrium. No adjuvant therapy was administered, and disease-free survival was two years [11]. We summarized the diagnosis, outcome, symptoms, diagnosis of histopathological examination, surgical stage (base on FIGO, 2008), surgical treatment, and adjuvant therapy for these four cases (including this present case) in Table 1.…”

Two sisters with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome and serous adenocarcinoma of the ovary

“…Importantly, the physiology of MRKH syndrome that results in a lack of communication between the vagina and the Müllerian structures negates the possibility that a transtubal mechanism could explain the connection between MRKH syndrome and ovarian cancer. MRKH syndrome has been associated with Müllerian remnant leiomyomata ( Fletcher et al, 2012 ) and congenital uterine anomalies have rarely been associated with endometrial cancer ( Gao et al, 2017 ). Ovarian cancer has known associations with multiple genetic cancer syndromes including breast-ovarian cancer syndrome, hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, PTEN tumor hamartoma syndrome, and MUTYH-associated polyposis ( Hereditary, 2008 ; Lancaster et al, 2015 ; Mutch et al, 2014 ).…”