Endohedral metal derivatives and exohedral fluorine derivatives of fullerenes

Abstract

The thermodynamic studies of fullerenes and their stable The thermodynamic studies of fullerenes and their stable derivatives, namely, endohedral metallofullerenes and exohedral derivatives, namely, endohedral metallofullerenes and exohedral fullerene fluorides, are generalised. The methods of synthesis and fullerene fluorides, are generalised. The methods of synthesis and purification of fullerene fluorides are considered and the strucpurification of fullerene fluorides are considered and the structures of these compounds are characterised. The thermodynamic tures of these compounds are characterised. The thermodynamic properties of fullerenes and fullerene fluorides are discussed. The properties of fullerenes and fullerene fluorides are discussed. The bibliography includes 150 references bibliography includes 150 references. .

Topochemical solid-state reactions and problems of selective synthesis of fullerene derivatives

“…1, 2 The present review deals primarily with the energy aspects of fullerene fluorination. The results of studies of topochemical solid state fluorination (SSF) of [60]fullerene with inorganic variable valence transition metal fluorides are summarized.…”

“Chemical portrait” of fullerene molecules

“…The obtained results allow us to understand many features in the chemical formation of the families of these derivatives to explain quantitative differences in their synthesis and answer a number of questions arising in the course of the laboratory synthesis [21]. In particular, it is shown that absolute nullification of N DA , appearing as k reaches the value 24 for 60 fluorides, naturally explains the break in the corresponding series of the chemical synthesis on 60 F 48 molecule [4,5].…”

“…Well known reactions of hydration and fluorination of fullerenes in vapors of the corresponding gases are simplest from the computational viewpoint [4,5]. Let us exemplify the methods for such a synthesis by the initial phase of fluorination of 60 molecule.…”

“…Some researchers incline to that the molecule has 30 equivalent reaction centers (by the number of double bonds) due to which most chemical reactions are not selective [2]. It is, however, difficult to reconcile this statement with the presence of primary derivatives of 60 , hydrides and halides, mostly of a specific stoichiometric composition, for example, 60 H 36 , C 60 Hal 24 , C 60 Hal 36 , C 60 Hal 48 [4,5]. Moreover, in obtaining the metallofullerenes, it has been established from the very beginning [1,6] that transition metals are forming an octahedron surrounding for the internal 60 nucleus.…”

On the Importance of Halogen–Halogen Interactions in the Solid State of Fullerene Halides: A Combined Theoretical and Crystallographic Study

“…Related to this, the chlorination of C60 using iodine monochloride allowed the isolation of two fullerene chlorides, C60Cl6 [40] and C70Cl10 [41], characterized by NMR spectra. Finally, the fluorination of fullerenes using metal fluorides (among other fluorination agents) results in a wide range of adducts, from C60F2 to C60F48 [42][43][44][45]. Owing to their relatively high thermal stability, fluorofullerenes (contrary to chloro-and bromofullerenes) have been extensively investigated by electron impact (EI) mass spectrometry.…”