Endogenous vasopressin and baroreflex mechanisms

Gardiner, Sheila M.; Bennett, T.

doi:10.1016/0165-0173(86)90003-2

Cited by 27 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…An uncritical reading of the published literature on the cardiovascular effects of exogenous vasopressin could give the impression that this potent vasoconstrictor neuropeptide (Gardiner et al, 1988a) does not exert pressor effects because any increase in peripheral resistance it causes is offset by a baroreflexmediated reduction in cardiac output (see Bennett & Gardiner, 1986a;Gardiner & Bennett, 1986), together with activation of vasodilator systems that may be dependent on V2-receptor-mediated mechanisms (Hofbauer et al, 1983;Walker, 1986;Liard, 1988). The present study produced results germane to these points.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…In spite of the fact that vasopressin has long been known as a vasoactive neuropeptide, its involvement in cardiovascular regulation is obscure (see Bennett & Gardiner, 1986a;Gardiner & Bennett, 1986). While this may be due to subtle interactions of vasopressin with cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms in dogs (see Cowley & Liard, 1988), the picture in rats has been made unnecessarily cloudy by investigators who have assumed results obtained in dogs are applicable to rats, with no evidence that this is so (see Bennett & Gardiner, 1986a;Gardiner & Bennett, 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While this may be due to subtle interactions of vasopressin with cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms in dogs (see Cowley & Liard, 1988), the picture in rats has been made unnecessarily cloudy by investigators who have assumed results obtained in dogs are applicable to rats, with no evidence that this is so (see Bennett & Gardiner, 1986a;Gardiner & Bennett, 1986). It has become clear, however, that bolus doses of exogenous vasopressin may have regionally-selective effects on vascular resistances in several species, including conscious rats (Gardiner et al, 1988a) and that these may be due to indirect actions of vasopressin in the renal vascular bed (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regional haemodynamic effects of vasopressin infusion in conscious, unrestrained, Brattleboro rats

Gardiner

Compton

Bennett

1989

British J Pharmacology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regional haemodynamic effects of vasopressin infusion in conscious, unrestrained, Brattleboro rats

Gardiner

Compton

Bennett

1989

British J Pharmacology

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“…The role of the baroreflex in explaining this difference must be considered. Brain acetylcholine modulates baroreceptor cardiac reflexes (see Brezenoff & Guiliano, 1982) and reciprocal influences between endogenous vasopressin and baroreflex mechanisms have been pointed out (see Gardiner & Bennett, 1986). It is therefore possible that, in dogs with diabetes insipidus, the shorter duration of the cholinergic pressor response was due to an abnormality of the baroreflex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular effects of central injection of acetylcholine in anaesthetized dogs: a role for vasopressin release

Rascol

Montastruc

Gauquelin³

et al. 1990

British J Pharmacology

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1 The effect of an intracisternal injection of 20Ougkg-' of acetylcholine was studied on systolic and diastolic blood pressures, heart rate, and plasma levels of noradrenaline, adrenaline, vasopressin, plasma renin activity and atrial natriuretic factor in chloralose-anaesthetized dogs, 8 of which were normal and 7 with diabetes insipidus (deprived of vasopressin secretion by surgical lesion of the hypothalamoneurohypophysial system). 2 Acetylcholine significantly increased systolic and diastolic blood pressures in both groups of animals. However, the rise in blood pressure was significantly shorter lived in the dogs with diabetes insipidus. 3 Acetylcholine significantly increased plasma levels of noradrenaline but not adrenaline in control animals and in dogs with diabetes insipidus. Noradrenaline and adrenaline responses after acetylcholine were not different in the two groups of animals. 4 Acetylcholine induced a significant increase in vasopressin plasma levels only in control animals while in dogs with diabetes insipidus vasopressin remained at nearly undetectable levels. 5Acetylcholine significantly increased atrial natiuretic factor plasma levels only in control dogs. 6 Although plasma renin activity increased in both groups of animals after the i.c. injection of acetylcholine, this change was not significant in any group. 7 These results suggest that, in the anaesthetized dog, the central injection of acetylcholine induces a rise in blood pressure through both an increase in sympathetic outflow and a release of vasopressin.

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“…36). On the other hand, there is a projection from the parvocellular subdivision of the PVN to the nucleus tractus solitarii (37,38), which is an important center for cardiovascular control. Electrical stimulation of this subdivision of the PVN in rats with denervated sino-aortic baroreceptors increased arterial blood pressure by a mechanism independent of vasopressin (39).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect on Vasopressin Release of Microinjection of Cholinergic Agonists into the Paraventricular Nucleus of Conscious Rats

Miyake

Crofton

et al. 1989

J Neuroendocrinology

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We have studied in conscious unrestrained rats under basal conditions the effect of activation of muscarinic and nicotinic receptors in the paraventricular nucleus on vasopressin secretion and mean arterial blood pressure. The microinjection of oxotrernorine (0.2, 2 or 20 ng), a specific muscarinic agonist, produced a substantial, dose-dependent, transient increase in the plasma vasopressin concentration. There was also a rise in mean arterial blood pressure and a bradycardia that followed the same time-course as the change in plasma vasopressin levels. The microinjection of nicotine (0.1, 1 or 10 pg) into the paraventricular nucleus had only questionable effects on vasopressin release and mean arterial blood pressure; heart rate was unaffected. These findings suggest that muscarinic receptors may be of primary importance in the paraventricular nucleus in the cholinergic stimulation of vasopressin re I ease.There is considerable evidence to suggest that central cholinergic mechanisms play a n important role in the control of vasopressin release. It has been reported that cholinergic neurons project to the paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic nuclei (SON) (1-3). Acetylcholine and its synthetic and degradative enzymes, i.e. clioline acetyltransferase and acetylcholine esterase, have been demonstrated in the anterior hypothalamus and posterior pituitary (4-7). Receptors for acetylcholine have been demonstrated in the PVN, . Finally, the central administration of acetylcholine and its agonists (18-23) in the intact animal, and the addition of acetylcholine to the medium in which the isolated hypothalamo-neurohypophysial complex is incubated (24, 25), stimulate the release of vasopressin.It is, however, controversial whether the cholinergic receptors involved in the stimulation of vasopressin release are muscarinic 01 nicotinic. Recently, Iitake et at. (23) found that the intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of carbachol stimulated the release of vasopressin in the conscious rat and that this effect was blocked by atropine, but not by hexamethonium, suggesting that the receptors are muscarinic. These observations are in agreement with those of earlier studies in the rat (20,26), dog (18), goat (19), and sheep (22), in which antidiuresis was used as an index of vasopressin release. On the other hand, there is also evidence that activation of nicotinic receptors in the SON elicits the release of vasopressin in the rat (24, 25, 27) and cat (21, 28).In an effort to resolve the issue of the nature of the cholinergic receptors in the PVN, we have, in the present study, determined the effect on vasopressin release of the microinjection of muscarinic and nicotinic agonists into the PVN. ResultsThe microinjection of the artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) vehicle into the PVN and the taking of blood samples were without effect on the plasma vasopressin concentration (Fig. I), mean arterial blood pressure (Fig. 2), heart rate ( Fig. 2), plasma osmolality and hematocrit. However, the microinjection of oxotremo...

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Endogenous vasopressin and baroreflex mechanisms

Cited by 27 publications

References 75 publications

Regional haemodynamic effects of vasopressin infusion in conscious, unrestrained, Brattleboro rats

Regional haemodynamic effects of vasopressin infusion in conscious, unrestrained, Brattleboro rats

Cardiovascular effects of central injection of acetylcholine in anaesthetized dogs: a role for vasopressin release

The Effect on Vasopressin Release of Microinjection of Cholinergic Agonists into the Paraventricular Nucleus of Conscious Rats

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