Endogenous tick viruses and modulation of tick-borne pathogen growth

Bell‐Sakyi, Lesley; Attoui, Houssam

doi:10.3389/fcimb.2013.00025

Cited by 33 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…minimus EVE is abundantly transcribed may reflect a selective advantage for the host (Holmes 2011). Transcriptionally active EVEs have been suggested to confer protection or tolerance against related exogenous viruses (Flegel 2009; Holmes 2011; Aswad and Katzourakis 2012; Bell-Sakyi and Attoui 2013; Fujino et al 2014). Despite the lack of empirical evidence so far, flavivirus-derived EVEs could contribute to antiviral immunity and arbovirus vector competence in mosquitoes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery of flavivirus-derived endogenous viral elements inAnophelesmosquito genomes supports the existence ofAnopheles-associated insect-specific flaviviruses

Lequime

Lambrechts

2017

Virus Evol

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The Flavivirus genus encompasses several arboviruses of public health significance such as dengue, yellow fever, and Zika viruses. It also includes insect-specific flaviviruses (ISFs) that are only capable of infecting insect hosts. The vast majority of mosquito-infecting flaviviruses have been associated with mosquito species of the Aedes and Culex genera in the Culicinae subfamily, which also includes most arbovirus vectors. Mosquitoes of the Anophelinae subfamily are not considered significant arbovirus vectors; however, flaviviruses have occasionally been detected in field-caught Anopheles specimens. Whether such observations reflect occasional spillover or laboratory contamination or whether Anopheles mosquitoes are natural hosts of flaviviruses is unknown. Here, we provide in silico and in vivo evidence of transcriptionally active, flavivirus-derived endogenous viral elements (EVEs) in the genome of Anopheles minimus and Anopheles sinensis. Such non-retroviral endogenization of RNA viruses is consistent with a shared evolutionary history between flaviviruses and Anopheles mosquitoes. Phylogenetic analyses of the two newly described EVEs support the existence of a distinct clade of Anopheles-associated ISFs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery of flavivirus-derived endogenous viral elements inAnophelesmosquito genomes supports the existence ofAnopheles-associated insect-specific flaviviruses

Lequime

Lambrechts

2017

Virus Evol

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“…Vector competence, the ability of an arthropod to become infected with a pathogen and transmit it to a susceptible vertebrate host, depends upon many factors, including: (i) the genotype by genotype (G Â G) interaction between vector and virus [3][4][5]; (ii) the dose of virus ingested (discussed in detail below); (iii) basal immune activation, which is a product of, among other factors, the arthropod's genotype and the composition of its microbiome [6]; and (iv) environmental conditions such as temperature, temperature fluctuation and humidity [3]. Prior or concurrent infections with other viruses may also modulate vector competence [7,8]. When taken up by a competent vector species, an arbovirus infects and disseminates across the midgut to circulate, via the haemolymph, to the salivary glands, where it replicates to sufficient concentrations to enable transmission to a susceptible vertebrate host.…”

Section: The Double Life Of Arbovirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The tortoise or the hare? Impacts of within-host dynamics on transmission success of arthropod-borne viruses

Althouse

Hanley

2015

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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One contribution of 17 to a theme issue 'Within-host dynamics of infection: from ecological insights to evolutionary predictions'. Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are maintained in a cycle of alternating transmission between vertebrate hosts and arthropod vectors. Arboviruses possess RNA genomes capable of rapid diversification and adaptation, and the between-host trade-offs inherent to host alternation impose well-documented constraints on arbovirus evolution. Here, we investigate the less well-studied within-host trade-offs that shape arbovirus replication dynamics and transmission. Arboviruses generally establish lifelong infection in vectors but transient infection of variable magnitude (i.e. peak virus concentration) and duration in vertebrate hosts. In the majority of experimental infections of vertebrate hosts, both the magnitude and duration of arbovirus replication depended upon the dose of virus administered, with increasing dose resulting in greater magnitude but shorter duration of viraemia. This pattern suggests that the vertebrate immune response imposes a trade-off between the height and breadth of the virus replication curve. To investigate the impact of this trade-off on transmission, we used a simple modelling approach to contrast the effect of 'tortoise' (low magnitude, long duration viraemia) and 'hare' (high magnitude, short duration viraemia) arbovirus replication strategies on transmission. This model revealed that, counter to previous theory, arboviruses that adopt a tortoise strategy have higher rates of persistence in both host and vector populations.

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“…Endogenous viral elements (EVEs) correspond to the integration of viral DNA fragments (or cDNA fragments in the case of RNA viruses) in the genome of the host, and have been described in many eukaryotic genomes, including arthropods and ticks [48,49]. Although endogenous viral sequences are generally described as non-functional pseudogenes or fossil DNA, some EVEs encode intact ORFs that can be expressed [50].…”

Section: Search For Endogenous Viral Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

RNA Viruses of Amblyomma variegatum and Rhipicephalus microplus and Cattle Susceptibility in the French Antilles

Gondard

Temmam

Devillers

et al. 2020

Viruses

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Ticks transmit a wide variety of pathogens including bacteria, parasites and viruses. Over the last decade, numerous novel viruses have been described in arthropods, including ticks, and their characterization has provided new insights into RNA virus diversity and evolution. However, little is known about their ability to infect vertebrates. As very few studies have described the diversity of viruses present in ticks from the Caribbean, we implemented an RNA-sequencing approach on Amblyomma variegatum and Rhipicephalus microplus ticks collected from cattle in Guadeloupe and Martinique. Among the viral communities infecting Caribbean ticks, we selected four viruses belonging to the Chuviridae, Phenuiviridae and Flaviviridae families for further characterization and designing antibody screening tests. While viral prevalence in individual tick samples revealed high infection rates, suggesting a high level of exposure of Caribbean cattle to these viruses, no seropositive animals were detected. These results suggest that the Chuviridae- and Phenuiviridae-related viruses identified in the present study are more likely tick endosymbionts, raising the question of the epidemiological significance of their occurrence in ticks, especially regarding their possible impact on tick biology and vector capacity. The characterization of these viruses might open the door to new ways of preventing and controlling tick-borne diseases.

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Endogenous tick viruses and modulation of tick-borne pathogen growth

Cited by 33 publications

References 64 publications

Discovery of flavivirus-derived endogenous viral elements inAnophelesmosquito genomes supports the existence ofAnopheles-associated insect-specific flaviviruses

Discovery of flavivirus-derived endogenous viral elements inAnophelesmosquito genomes supports the existence ofAnopheles-associated insect-specific flaviviruses

The tortoise or the hare? Impacts of within-host dynamics on transmission success of arthropod-borne viruses

RNA Viruses of Amblyomma variegatum and Rhipicephalus microplus and Cattle Susceptibility in the French Antilles

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