Endogenous sex hormones and C‐reactive protein in healthy chinese men

Zhang, Youjie; Gao, Yong; Yang, Xiaobo; Zhang, Haiying; Zhang, Shijun; Wu, Chunlei; Wang, Mengjie; Liao, Ming; Qin, Xue; Li, Li; Hu, Yanling; Mo, Zengnan

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2012.04359.x

Cited by 27 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(77 reference statements)

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“…Consistent with other observational studies serum testosterone was negatively associated with some markers of inflammation (Bonithon-Kopp et al, 1988;Brand et al, 2012;Gannage-Yared et al, 2011;Haring et al, 2012;Kupelian et al, 2010;Laaksonen et al, 2003;Yang et al, 1993;Zhang et al, 2013). This study adds by considering an additional biomarker of androgen activity, AAG, which was not associated with lower values of any of the inflammatory markers considered, but was associated with higher fibrinogen as well as with hemoglobin as would be expected of an androgen.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The available evidence from these RCTs generally shows little effect of testosterone therapy on CRP (Aversa et al, 2010;Frederiksen et al, 2013;Kapoor et al, 2007;Nakhai-Pour et al, 2007;Ng et al, 2002), white blood cell count (Kalinchenko et al, 2010) or fibrinogen (Smith et al, 2005), although one RCT reported testosterone decreased CRP (Kalinchenko et al, 2010) among a subset of men. Larger observational studies among men usually, but not always, report serum testosterone inversely associated with CRP (Gannage-Yared et al, 2011;Haring et al, 2012;Kupelian et al, 2010;Laaksonen et al, 2003;Nakhai Pour et al, 2007;Zhang et al, 2013), white blood cell counts and/or its differentials (Brand et al, 2012;Haring et al, 2012;Tang et al, 2007) and fibrinogen (Bonithon-Kopp et al, 1988;Haring et al, 2012;Yang et al, 1993). Experimental and observational evidence may differ for a number of reasons: the small size of most RCTs of testosterone therapy, differences in the action of exogenous and endogenous testosterone, serum testosterone acting as a marker of health status or serum testosterone not capturing all androgen activity (Labrie et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Androgen activity and markers of inflammation among men in NHANES III

Schooling

2013

American J Hum Biol

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Objectives: Inflammation contributes to chronic diseases. Lower serum testosterone among men is associated with less inflammation, yet immune defense is thought to trade-off against reproduction with androgens adversely affecting immune function. Anti-androgens are effective at castrate levels of serum testosterone, suggesting serum testosterone may not capture all androgen activity. The association of two androgen biomarkers with key markers of inflammation was examined. Methods: The adjusted association of serum testosterone and androstanediol glucuronide with C-reactive protein, white blood cell, granulocyte and lymphocyte count, fibrinogen and hemoglobin, as a control outcome because testosterone administration raises hemoglobin, were examined in a nationally representative sample of 1490 US men from NHANES III phase 1 (1988-91) using multivariable linear regression. Results: Serum testosterone and androstanediol glucuronide were weakly correlated (0.13). Serum testosterone was associated with lower white blood cell count (−0.26*10−9 per standard deviation, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.37 to −0.14) and granulocyte count (−0.21*10−9, 95% CI −0.29 to −0.13) but not with hemoglobin (0.02 g/L, 95% CI −0.89 to 0.92), adjusted for age, education, race/ethnicity, smoking and alcohol. Similarly adjusted, androstanediol glucuronide was not associated with white blood cell count (0.10*10−9, 95% CI −0.05 to −0.25), granulocyte count (0.12*10−9, 95% CI −0.02 to 0.25) or fibrinogen (0.05g/L, 95% CI −0.004 to 0.11), but was with hemoglobin (0.70g/L, 95% CI 0.07 to 1.32). Conclusions: Different androgen biomarkers had different associations with inflammatory markers, highlighting the need to consider several androgen biomarkers. The possibility remains that androgens may generate inflammatory processes with implications for chronic diseases.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Androgen activity and markers of inflammation among men in NHANES III

Schooling

2013

American J Hum Biol

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“…Numerous studies have found that testosterone levels in men are inversely associated with C-reactive protein (CRP) (Kupelian et al, 2010; Tsilidis et al, 2013; Zhang et al, 2012). Even in young men, clinically low testosterone levels are associated with increased expression of TNFα and other inflammatory factors (Bobjer et al, 2013).…”

Section: Mechanisms Underlying Sex Differences In Obesity and Alzhmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity and sex interact in the regulation of Alzheimer's disease

Moser

Pike

2016

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, for which a number of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle risk factors have been identified. A significant modifiable risk factor is obesity in mid-life. Interestingly, both obesity and AD exhibit sex differences and are regulated by sex steroid hormones. Accumulating evidence suggests interactions between obesity and sex in regulation of AD risk, although the pathways underlying this relationship are unclear. Inflammation and the E4 allele of apolipoprotein E have been identified as independent risk factors for AD and both interact with obesity and sex steroid hormones. We review the individual and cooperative effects of obesity and sex on development of AD and examine the potential contributions of apolipoprotein E, inflammation, and their interactions to this relationship.

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“…Two randomized controlled trials of androgen replacement therapy in hypogonadal men reported a decrease in the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the active therapy arm (Malkin et al 2004; Kalinchenko et al 2010), but other trials did not confirm these findings (Ng et al 2002; Singh et al 2002; Kapoor et al 2007; Nakhai-Pour et al 2007). A few epidemiologic studies have evaluated the cross-sectional association between sex steroid hormones and inflammatory biomarkers in men, but had inconsistent results (Laaksonen et al 2003; Van Pottelbergh et al 2003; Bhatia et al 2006; Maggio et al 2006; Nakhai Pour et al 2007; Tang et al 2007; Maggio et al 2009; Schneider et al 2009; Kaplan et al 2010; Kupelian et al 2010; Brand et al 2012; Zhang et al 2012). Moreover, some of the latter studies did not adjust for important confounders (e.g., smoking and obesity) (Laaksonen et al 2003; Van Pottelbergh et al 2003; Bhatia et al 2006; Tang et al 2007; Kaplan et al 2010), and very few studies mutually adjusted for other sex hormones (Nakhai Pour et al 2007; Zhang et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A few epidemiologic studies have evaluated the cross-sectional association between sex steroid hormones and inflammatory biomarkers in men, but had inconsistent results (Laaksonen et al 2003; Van Pottelbergh et al 2003; Bhatia et al 2006; Maggio et al 2006; Nakhai Pour et al 2007; Tang et al 2007; Maggio et al 2009; Schneider et al 2009; Kaplan et al 2010; Kupelian et al 2010; Brand et al 2012; Zhang et al 2012). Moreover, some of the latter studies did not adjust for important confounders (e.g., smoking and obesity) (Laaksonen et al 2003; Van Pottelbergh et al 2003; Bhatia et al 2006; Tang et al 2007; Kaplan et al 2010), and very few studies mutually adjusted for other sex hormones (Nakhai Pour et al 2007; Zhang et al 2012). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the cross-sectional association between endogenous sex steroid hormones (total testosterone, calculated free testosterone, total estradiol, calculated free estradiol and androstanediol glucuronide, a metabolite of dihydrotestosterone), sex hormone binding protein (SHBG) and biomarkers of inflammation (CRP and white blood cell count [WBC]) in a large nationally representative sample of US men after carefully adjusting for all important confounders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between endogenous sex steroid hormones and inflammatory biomarkers in US men

et al. 2013

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Sex steroid hormones and inflammatory biomarkers are both associated with the development and progression of chronic diseases, but their interrelationship is relatively uncharacterized. We examined the association of sex hormones and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) with biomarkers of inflammation, C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell (WBC) count. The study included data from 809 adult men in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2004. Geometric means and 95% confidence intervals were estimated separately for CRP and WBC concentrations by sex steroid hormones and SHBG using weighted linear regression models. Higher concentrations of total (slope per 1 quintile in concentration, −0.18; P-trend, 0.001) and calculated free (slope, −0.13; P-trend, 0.03) testosterone were statistically significantly associated with lower concentrations of CRP, but not with WBC count. Men in the bottom quintile of total testosterone (≤3.3 ng/mL), who might be considered to have clinically low testosterone, were more likely to have elevated CRP (≥ 3 mg/L) compared to men in the top four quintiles (OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.00 – 2.61). Total and calculated free estradiol (E2) were positively associated with both CRP (Total E2: slope, 0.14; P-trend, <0.001; Free E2: slope, 0.15; P-trend, <0.001) and WBC (Total E2: slope, 0.02; P-trend, 0.08; Free E2: slope, 0.02; P-trend, 0.02) concentrations. SHBG concentrations were inversely associated with WBC count (slope, −0.03; P-trend, 0.04), but not with CRP. These cross-sectional findings are consistent with the hypothesis that higher androgen and lower estrogen concentrations may have an anti-inflammatory effect in men.

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Endogenous sex hormones and C‐reactive protein in healthy chinese men

Abstract: We have confirmed the association of androgens with reduced inflammation as measured by CRP in Chinese men. This is independent of conventional cardiovascular risk factors and is explained in part by markers of central obesity and insulin resistance, rather than metabolic syndrome.

Cited by 27 publications

References 38 publications

Androgen activity and markers of inflammation among men in NHANES III

Androgen activity and markers of inflammation among men in NHANES III

Obesity and sex interact in the regulation of Alzheimer's disease

Association between endogenous sex steroid hormones and inflammatory biomarkers in US men

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