Endogenous RNA interference of chalcone synthase genes in soybean: Formation of double-stranded RNA of GmIRCHS transcripts and structure of the 5′ and 3′ ends of short interfering RNAs

Kurauchi, Tasuku; Kasai, Atsushi; Tougou, Makoto; Senda, Mineo

doi:10.1016/j.jplph.2011.01.003

Cited by 22 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Using RNAse protection experiments, a recent study has detected CHS dsRNA not only in the seed coat but also in the cotyledon and leaf tissues of lines with a dominant I allele [22]. Although those results were not quantitative, they suggested that the biogenesis of CHS siRNA could be regulated in a tissue-specific manner after dsRNAs are generated by the failure to amplify secondary siRNAs because of a lack of a critical component in the amplification step, such as an RdRP activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Transition from Primary siRNAs to Amplified Secondary siRNAs That Regulate Chalcone Synthase During Development of Glycine max Seed Coats

2013

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The I locus is a 27-kb inverted repeat cluster of chalcone synthase genes CHS1-3-4 that mediates siRNA down-regulation of CHS7 and CHS8 target mRNAs during seed development leading to yellow seed coats lacking anthocyanin pigments. Here, we report small RNA sequencing of ten stages of seed development from a few days post fertilization through maturity, revealing the amplification from primary to secondary short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) occurring during development. The young seed populations had a higher proportion of siRNAs representing the CHS1-3-4 gene family members, consistent with this region as the origin of the primary siRNAs. More intriguingly, the very young seed had a higher proportion of 22-nt CHS siRNAs than did the mid-maturation seed. We infer that the primary CHS siRNAs increase during development to levels sufficient to trigger amplification of secondary CHS siRNAs from the CHS7/8 target mRNAs, enabling the total levels of 21-nt CHS siRNAs to rise dramatically. Further, we demonstrate that the soybean system exhibits tissue-specific CHS siRNA production because primary CHS siRNA levels are not sufficient to trigger secondary amplification in tissues other than the seed coat.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Transition from Primary siRNAs to Amplified Secondary siRNAs That Regulate Chalcone Synthase During Development of Glycine max Seed Coats

2013

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“…A 1087-bp CHS dsRNA-forming region of the GmIRCHS transcripts was identified in the seed coat of soybean carrying the I allele, indicating that the complete read-through transcription occurs from the pseudo CHS3 to its complementary sequence (Fig. 3A) (Kurauchi et al 2011). Interestingly, CHS dsRNA formation in the GmIRCHS transcripts was observed not only in the seed coat but also in the cotyledon and leaf (Kurauchi et al 2011).…”

Section: Molecular Structure Of the I Allele And Chs Dsrna Formation mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3A) (Kurauchi et al 2011). Interestingly, CHS dsRNA formation in the GmIRCHS transcripts was observed not only in the seed coat but also in the cotyledon and leaf (Kurauchi et al 2011). RNA silencing of CHS genes is restricted to the seed coat (Tuteja et al 2004), and its tissue-specificity may be determined in the step(s) after CHS dsRNA formation.…”

Section: Molecular Structure Of the I Allele And Chs Dsrna Formation mentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppressive mechanism of seed coat pigmentation in yellow soybean

et al. 2012

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In soybean seeds, numerous variations in colors and pigmentation patterns exist, most of which are observed in the seed coat. Patterns of seed coat pigmentation are determined by four alleles (I, ii, ik and i) of the classically defined I locus, which controls the spatial distribution of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins in the seed coat. Most commercial soybean cultivars produce yellow seeds with yellow cotyledons and nonpigmented seed coats, which are important traits of high-quality seeds. Plants carrying the I or ii allele show complete inhibition of pigmentation in the seed coat or pigmentation only in the hilum, respectively, resulting in a yellow seed phenotype. Classical genetic analyses of the I locus were performed in the 1920s and 1930s but, until recently, the molecular mechanism by which the I locus regulated seed coat pigmentation remained unclear. In this review, we provide an overview of the molecular suppressive mechanism of seed coat pigmentation in yellow soybean, with the main focus on the effect of the I allele. In addition, we discuss seed coat pigmentation phenomena in yellow soybean and their relationship to inhibition of I allele action.

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“…Polyphenolic compounds, which are widely distributed in plants, contribute to color (Tsuda et al 2004) and flavor (Lea 1992) and are involved in pigment biosynthesis (Kurauchi et al 2011), plant disease defense (Matern and Kneusel 1988) and damage caused by abiotic stress (Solovchenko and Schmitz-Eiberger 2003). Notably, polyphenols are responsible for the protective effects of plants against a variety of human diseases including cancer (Thomasset et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accumulation of catechins and expression of catechin synthetic genes in Camellia sinensis at different developmental stages

et al. 2016

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BackgroundCatechins are the main polyphenol compounds in tea (Camellia sinensis). To understand the relationship between gene expression and product accumulation, the levels of catechins and relative expressions of key genes in tea leaves of different developmental stages were analyzed.ResultsThe amounts of catechins differed significantly in leaves of different stages, except for gallocatechin gallate. Close correlations between the expression of synthesis genes and the accumulation of catechins were identified. Correlation analysis showed that the expressions of chalcone synthase 1, chalcone synthase 3, anthocyanidin reductase 1, anthocyanidin reductase 2 and leucoanthocyanidin reductase genes were significantly and positively correlated with total catechin contents, suggesting their expression may largely affect total catechin accumulation. Anthocyanidin synthase was significantly correlated with catechin. While both ANRs and LAR were significantly and positively correlated with the contents of (−)-epigallocatechin gallate and (−)-epicatechin gallate.ConclusionOur results suggest synergistic changes between the expression of synthetic genes and the accumulation of catechins. Based on our findings, anthocyanidin synthase may regulate earlier steps in the conversion of catechin, while the anthocyanidin reductase and leucoanthocyanidin reductase genes may both play important roles in the biosynthesis of galloylated catechins.

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Endogenous RNA interference of chalcone synthase genes in soybean: Formation of double-stranded RNA of GmIRCHS transcripts and structure of the 5′ and 3′ ends of short interfering RNAs

Cited by 22 publications

References 24 publications

The Transition from Primary siRNAs to Amplified Secondary siRNAs That Regulate Chalcone Synthase During Development of Glycine max Seed Coats

The Transition from Primary siRNAs to Amplified Secondary siRNAs That Regulate Chalcone Synthase During Development of Glycine max Seed Coats

Suppressive mechanism of seed coat pigmentation in yellow soybean

Accumulation of catechins and expression of catechin synthetic genes in Camellia sinensis at different developmental stages

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