Endogenous Potentials Generated in the Human Hippocampal Formation and Amygdala by Infrequent Events

Halgren, Eric; Squires, Nancy K.; Wilson, Charles L.; Rohrbaugh, John; Babb, Thomas L.; Crandall, Paul H.

doi:10.1126/science.7434000

Cited by 759 publications

(332 citation statements)

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“…This finding may seem surprising in view of reports that electrical activity is generated within medial temporal lobe structures coincident with scalp-recorded P3 waves in humans (Halgren et al, 1980;Okada et al, 1983;Wood et al, 1984).…”

Section: An Animal Model Ofp3mentioning

confidence: 68%

P3-like brain waves in normal monkeys and in monkeys with medial temporal lesions.

Paller

Zola‐Morgan

Squire

et al. 1988

Behavioral Neuroscience

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The human brain produces a characteristic electrical response to relevant events that occur unexpectedly. Recent reports have suggested that a prominent part of this event-related brain potential-the P3 wave-may be related to memory functions and may arise from activity within the medial temporal lobe, especially the hippocampus. The latter idea was tested by means of epidural recordings of brain waves in monkeys. Responses to deviant auditory stimuli bore a close resemblance to P3 waves recorded from human subjects under comparable conditions. Monkeys with bilateral lesions of the medial temporal lobe still produced P3-like brain waves, which indicates that medial temporal brain structures are not critical for their generation.

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Section: An Animal Model Ofp3mentioning

confidence: 68%

P3-like brain waves in normal monkeys and in monkeys with medial temporal lesions.

Paller

Zola‐Morgan

Squire

et al. 1988

Behavioral Neuroscience

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“…Visual inspection of the Tarkka & Stokic (1998) waveforms indicates that P2/N2 ERPs at lateral central sites appeared to be more positive in the single-tone than the two-tone task (Katayama & Polich, 1996). It is also noteworthy that P3 activity may be linked to medial temporal lobe generators (Halgren, 1980). Therefore, it is plausible that modulations in hemodynamic activity in the temporal lobe could be ascribed to any of the N1, P2, N2, and P3 ERPs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In these studies, target stimuli produced activity in the ventral frontotemporal cortices, superior temporal sulcus, posterior parietal cortex, and the hippocampus, suggesting that these areas are neural generators associated with target-elicited P3 ERPs (Baudena et al, 1995;Halgren, 1980;Halgren et al, 1995a;Halgren et al, 1995b; Halgren et al, 1998). Halgren and colleagues concluded that widespread brain activation involves integration of stimulus processing and context, which is necessary for the online monitoring of performance.…”

Section: Nih-pa Author Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These data confirm that target detection across task contexts elicits activity in a similar widespread, distributed neural network. Halgren and others (Halgren, 1980;Halgren et al, 1995a;Halgren et al, 1995b) have argued that this distributed, perhaps reflexive, response to salient stimuli may be 'adaptive' in an evolutionary sense. That is, it is likely that activating many potentially useful areas during salient stimulus processing, despite the low probability these regions are necessary for performance, may lead to superior incidental learning, memory and performance.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The hemodynamics of oddball processing during single-tone and two-tone target detection tasks

Stevens

Laurens

Liddle

et al. 2006

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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Event-related potential (ERP) studies have shown that the neural systems engaged during performance of oddball tasks are sensitive to contextual manipulations, such as the number of stimulus classes. Some ERP components (i.e., N1) are modulated by the number of stimulus types, while others (i.e., P3) are not greatly affected. However, little is known about how these contextual manipulations affect the hemodynamics underlying oddball processing. The purpose of this study was to examine the hemodynamic correlates of target stimulus processing in singletone (targets alone) and two-tone (targets and standard tones) auditory oddball tasks. The primary hypothesis was that processing of salient stimuli in both contextual conditions would engage the same spatially distributed cortical and subcortical networks observed in previous oddball fMRI studies. Results were consistent with this hypothesis and suggest that the brain engages many potentially useful brain regions during salient stimulus processing despite the low probability that said regions are necessary for task performance, which likely reflects a form of "adaptive reflexive processing." Results also were consistent with ERP data that shows the N1 is larger for single-tone tasks by showing greater amplitude of hemodynamic response for singletone targets, relative to two tone targets, in bilateral temporal cortex and bilateral inferior lateral frontal cortex. The results are discussed as they relate to the understanding of neurocognitive function pertaining to contextual manipulations in general, and orienting processes in particular. Keywords ORIENTING; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; BRAIN; PSYCHOLOGY; COGNITIONThe neural systems underlying processing of low probability target stimuli have been studied for over four decades. The impact of salient stimulus processing on brain electrical activity was first described by Sutton et al. (1965), who demonstrated that infrequently-presented taskrelevant stimuli ("oddballs") produce a sequence of time-locked electrical components, the NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript most prominent of which is a large positive potential that peaks approximately 300 milliseconds following the stimulus onset. This late event-related potential (ERP), termed the P300 or P3, is thought to reflect stimulus evaluation/categorization, and cognitive processes necessary to update mental models of context within working memory (Donchin & Coles, 1988). Since Sutton et al's seminal study, numerous reports have been published that detail how contextual manipulations in the oddball paradigm (e.g., manipulations of stimulus probability, inter-trial interval, sensory modality, etc.) modulate the latency, amplitude or topographic distribution of the P3 .One contextual manipulation to the oddball task is to alter the number of stimulus classes presented within the task. Researchers most commonly use oddball tasks having either twostimulus classes (low probability targets juxtaposed with frequent standards) or ...

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“…Moreover, patients with focal hippocampal lesions evinced reduced P3a amplitude from novel distracters but normal P3b components from targets (Knight, 1996). Initial studies of the hippocampal formation using depth electrodes in humans suggested that at least some portion of the P300 (P3b) is generated in the medial temporal lobe (Halgren et al, 1980;McCarthy et al, 1989). However, subsequent reports of scalp recordings from individuals after temporal lobectomy (Johnson, 1988b;Smith and Halgren, 1989), experimental excisions in monkeys (Paller et al, 1988(Paller et al, , 1992, and patients with severe medial temporal lobe damage (Onofrj et al, 1992;Rugg et al, 1991) found that the hippocampal formation does not contribute directly to P300 generation (Molnar, 1994).…”

Section: Neural Origins Of P3a and P3bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Updating P300: An integrative theory of P3a and P3b

Polich

2007

Clinical Neurophysiology

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The empirical and theoretical development of the P300 event-related brain potential (ERP) is reviewed by considering factors that contribute to its amplitude, latency, and general characteristics. The neuropsychological origins of the P3a and P3b subcomponents are detailed, and how target/ standard discrimination difficulty modulates scalp topography is discussed. The neural loci of P3a and P3b generation are outlined, and a cognitive model is proffered: P3a originates from stimulusdriven frontal attention mechanisms during task processing, whereas P3b originates from temporalparietal activity associated with attention and appears related to subsequent memory processing. Neurotransmitter actions associating P3a to frontal/dopaminergic and P3b to parietal/norepinephrine pathways are highlighted. Neuroinhibition is suggested as an overarching theoretical mechanism for P300, which is elicited when stimulus detection engages memory operations.

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Endogenous Potentials Generated in the Human Hippocampal Formation and Amygdala by Infrequent Events

Cited by 759 publications

References 12 publications

P3-like brain waves in normal monkeys and in monkeys with medial temporal lesions.

P3-like brain waves in normal monkeys and in monkeys with medial temporal lesions.

The hemodynamics of oddball processing during single-tone and two-tone target detection tasks

Updating P300: An integrative theory of P3a and P3b

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