Endogenous opiates and behavior: 2007

Bodnar, Richard J.

doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2008.09.007

Cited by 44 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 1,378 publications

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“…Activation of opioid receptors has been suggested to regulate cardiovascular functions [26,27] . Thus, we investigated the changes in cardiac output that occur in anesthetized SHRs treated with loperamide.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation of Peripheral Opioid µ-Receptors in Blood Vessel May Lower Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Chen

Shieh²,

Chung

et al. 2011

Pharmacology

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Background/Aims: The role of opioid receptors in the regulation of vascular function remains unclear. In the current study, we evaluated the ability of loperamide, a peripheral opioid receptor agonist, to regulate blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and examined the mechanism(s) by which loperamide exerts its effects. Methods: In male SHRs, mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured and hemodynamic analysis was recorded. Additionally, the isometric tension of aortic rings isolated from SHRs was determined. Results: Loperamide dose-dependently decreased MAP in SHRs but not in the normal group of Wistar-Kyoto rats. This reduction of MAP in conscious SHRs was abolished by the selective opioid µ-receptor antagonist cyprodime, but not by naloxonazine, the µ₁-opioid receptor antagonist. However, cardiac output was not altered by loperamide in anesthetized SHRs. Moreover, loperamide-induced relaxation in isolated aortic rings precontracted with phenylephrine or vasopressin. This relaxation was abolished by cyprodime, but not by naloxonazine. Loperamide-induced relaxation was also attenuated by glibenclamide, an ATP-sensitive potassium (K_ATP) channel blocker. Additionally, vasodilatation by loperamide was reduced by an inhibitor of protein kinase A (PKA) and enhanced by an inhibitor of phosphodiesterases. Conclusion: We suggest that loperamide can lower MAP in SHRs via µ₂-opioid receptor-dependent cAMP-PKA pathway that induces vascular relaxation by opening K_ATP channels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation of Peripheral Opioid µ-Receptors in Blood Vessel May Lower Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Chen

Shieh²,

Chung

et al. 2011

Pharmacology

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“…Positron emission tomography (PET) scans have confirmed the euphoric state that follows exercise (termed “runner’s high”) is due to endogenous opioids (Boecker et al, 2008). Further to the effect on mood, opioids have an analgesic effect (Van Ree et al, 2000), and much evidence suggests that endorphins are central in the pain management system (D’Amato and Pavone, 1993; Benedetti, 1996; Zubieta et al, 2001; Fields, 2007; Bodnar, 2008; Dishman and O’Connor, 2009; Mueller et al, 2010). Given that direct measures of endogenous opioids are costly and invasive (Dearman and Francis, 1983), pain threshold is a commonly used proxy measure of endorphin release, and this has been operationalised using the length of time holding a hand in ice water (Dunbar et al, 2012a,b), a ski exercise (maintaining a squat position with legs at right angles: Dunbar et al, 2012a), an electrocutaneous simulator (Jamner and Leigh, 1999), pressure produced using a blood pressure cuff (Cogan et al, 1987; Cohen et al, 2010; Dunbar et al, 2012a,b), and the amount of pain medication requested by patients (Zillmann et al, 1993).…”

Section: Endorphins and Social Bondingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Music and social bonding: â€œself-otherâ€ merging and neurohormonal mechanisms

2014

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It has been suggested that a key function of music during its development and spread amongst human populations was its capacity to create and strengthen social bonds amongst interacting group members. However, the mechanisms by which this occurs have not been fully discussed. In this paper we review evidence supporting two thus far independently investigated mechanisms for this social bonding effect: self-other merging as a consequence of inter-personal synchrony, and the release of endorphins during exertive rhythmic activities including musical interaction. In general, self-other merging has been experimentally investigated using dyads, which provide limited insight into large-scale musical activities. Given that music can provide an external rhythmic framework that facilitates synchrony, explanations of social bonding during group musical activities should include reference to endorphins, which are released during synchronized exertive movements. Endorphins (and the endogenous opioid system (EOS) in general) are involved in social bonding across primate species, and are associated with a number of human social behaviors (e.g., laughter, synchronized sports), as well as musical activities (e.g., singing and dancing). Furthermore, passively listening to music engages the EOS, so here we suggest that both self-other merging and the EOS are important in the social bonding effects of music. In order to investigate possible interactions between these two mechanisms, future experiments should recreate ecologically valid examples of musical activities.

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“…This system is instrumental in modulating mood (Koepp et al 2009;Zubieta et al 2003), feelings of euphoria (Bodnar 2008), interpersonal warmth, well-being and bliss (Comings et al 1999;Depue and Morrone-Strupinsky 2005;Ferrante 1996;Koob 1992) and the post-exercise 'high' (Boecker et al 2008). The specific role of beta-endorphins in analgesia was first established in mice Tseng et al 1976), and subsequently in humans (Janal et al 1984;Leknes and Tracey 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Naltrexone Blocks Endorphins Released when Dancing in Synchrony’

Tarr

Launay

Benson

et al. 2017

Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology

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Group synchronised dance is hypothesised to activate the Endogenous Opioid System (EOS), thereby increasing pain threshold, and encouraging social closeness. Previous studies have been limited to the use of pain threshold as a proxy indicator of EOS activation. We conducted a double-blind administration of placebo and naltrexone (an endorphin antagonist) before groups of strangers danced in synchrony and measured both pain threshold and sense of belonging to the group after dancing. A 100 mg dose of naltrexone resulted in significant hyperalgesic effects compared to the control participants, confirming that increases in pain threshold in the control group are due to activation of the EOS and release of endorphins during synchronised dancing. However, there was no significant effect of treatment on perceptions of social closeness. Social bonding during dance may plausibly be underpinned by elements of the EOS not blocked by naltrexone and/or interactions with other neurohormones and socio-cognitive mechanisms.

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Endogenous opiates and behavior: 2007

Cited by 44 publications

References 1,378 publications

Activation of Peripheral Opioid µ-Receptors in Blood Vessel May Lower Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Activation of Peripheral Opioid µ-Receptors in Blood Vessel May Lower Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Music and social bonding: â€œself-otherâ€ merging and neurohormonal mechanisms

‘Naltrexone Blocks Endorphins Released when Dancing in Synchrony’

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Endogenous opiates and behavior: 2007

Cited by 44 publications

References 1,378 publications

Activation of Peripheral Opioid µ-Receptors in Blood Vessel May Lower Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Activation of Peripheral Opioid µ-Receptors in Blood Vessel May Lower Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Music and social bonding: â€œself-otherâ€ merging and neurohormonal mechanisms

‘Naltrexone Blocks Endorphins Released when Dancing in Synchrony’

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Product

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Music and social bonding: â€œself-otherâ€ merging and neurohormonal mechanisms